Pannicke Thomas, Ivo Chao T, Reisenhofer Miriam, Francke Mike, Reichenbach Andreas
Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Neuroglia, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School Göttingen, Germany.
Glia. 2017 Apr;65(4):533-568. doi: 10.1002/glia.23082. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Müller cells are the dominant macroglial cells in the retina of all vertebrates. They fulfill a variety of functions important for retinal physiology, among them spatial buffering of K ions and uptake of glutamate and other neurotransmitters. To this end, Müller cells express inwardly rectifying K channels and electrogenic glutamate transporters. Moreover, a lot of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, aquaporin water channels, and electrogenic transporters are expressed in Müller cells, some of them in a species-specific manner. For example, voltage-dependent Na channels are found exclusively in some but not all mammalian species. Whereas a lot of data exist from amphibians and mammals, the results from other vertebrates are sparse. It is the aim of this review to present a survey on Müller cell electrophysiology covering all classes of vertebrates. The focus is on functional studies, mainly performed using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. However, data about the expression of membrane channels and transporters from immunohistochemistry are also included. Possible functional roles of membrane channels and transporters are discussed. Obviously, electrophysiological properties involved in the main functions of Müller cells developed early in vertebrate evolution. GLIA 2017;65:533-568.
缪勒细胞是所有脊椎动物视网膜中的主要大胶质细胞。它们履行着对视网膜生理功能至关重要的多种功能，其中包括钾离子的空间缓冲以及谷氨酸和其他神经递质的摄取。为此，缪勒细胞表达内向整流钾通道和电生性谷氨酸转运体。此外，许多电压门控和配体门控离子通道、水通道蛋白水通道以及电生性转运体在缪勒细胞中表达，其中一些以物种特异性方式表达。例如，电压依赖性钠通道仅在部分而非所有哺乳动物物种中发现。虽然两栖动物和哺乳动物有大量数据，但其他脊椎动物的相关结果却很稀少。本综述旨在对涵盖所有脊椎动物类别的缪勒细胞电生理学进行概述。重点是功能研究，主要采用全细胞膜片钳技术进行。不过，也纳入了来自免疫组织化学的关于膜通道和转运体表达的数据。讨论了膜通道和转运体可能的功能作用。显然，参与缪勒细胞主要功能的电生理特性在脊椎动物进化早期就已形成。《神经胶质》2017年；65卷：533 - 568页
