冬天将至：低温保存的未来。

School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

BMC Biol. 2021 Mar 24;19(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12915-021-00976-8.

The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The lack of organs for transplantation constitutes a major medical challenge, stemming largely from the inability to preserve donated organs until a suitable recipient is found. Here, we review the latest cryopreservation methods and applications. We describe the main challenges-scaling up to large volumes and complex tissues, preventing ice formation and mitigating cryoprotectant toxicity-discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods and outline prospects for the future of the field.

低温对生物材料的保存效果早已为人所知，现在冷冻保存被广泛应用于生物医学领域，包括器官移植、再生医学和药物发现。缺乏可移植的器官是一个主要的医学挑战，主要源于无法在找到合适的受赠者之前保存捐献的器官。在这里，我们综述了最新的冷冻保存方法和应用。我们描述了主要的挑战——扩大到大容量和复杂组织、防止冰晶形成和减轻保护剂毒性，讨论了当前方法的优缺点，并概述了该领域的未来前景。