Manzanares Aaron, Menayo Ruperto, Segado Francisco
1 Catholic University of Saint Anthony.
2 University of Extremadura.
Motor Control. 2017 Oct 1;21(4):413-424. doi: 10.1123/mc.2015-0092. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
In a sport conditioned by natural elements such as sailing, visual perception is a key factor for the performance. Research has shown that the visual behavior of athletes at different skill levels varies, which may cause differences in the performance achieved. The aim of this research was to examine the visual behavior of sailors from different ranking positions at the start of a race in a simulated situation. Twenty junior sailors (N = 10 top and N = 10 bottom ranking) participated in this study. The visual behavior was recorded at the start of a sailing simulation. The top-ranking sailors performed more visual fixations on the locations that have more highly relevant information, such as "telltales" and "rivals," than do bottom-ranking sailors (p < .005). The top-ranking sailors are closer to the start line at the time of the start signal. The analysis of the visual search strategy shows that top-ranking sailors employed a more active visual search strategy. More experienced athletes can make better use of the information obtained from the important locations.
在帆船运动这种受自然因素制约的项目中，视觉感知是影响比赛表现的关键因素。研究表明，不同技能水平的运动员视觉行为存在差异，这可能导致他们取得的比赛成绩有所不同。本研究旨在考察在模拟比赛起跑阶段不同排名的帆船运动员的视觉行为。20名青少年帆船运动员（N = 10名排名靠前的和N = 10名排名靠后的）参与了本研究。在帆船模拟起跑时记录视觉行为。排名靠前的帆船运动员比排名靠后的帆船运动员在诸如“风向袋”和“对手”等具有更高相关信息的位置上有更多的视觉注视（p < 0.005）。在起跑信号发出时，排名靠前的帆船运动员离起跑线更近。对视觉搜索策略的分析表明，排名靠前的帆船运动员采用了更积极的视觉搜索策略。经验更丰富的运动员能够更好地利用从重要位置获得的信息。
