From the Department of Radiology (N.K., S.E.S., I.K.I., R.K.), Center for Evidence Based Imaging (N.K., S.E.S., I.K.I., R.K.), and Department of Medicine (I.K.I.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.M.B.).
Radiology. 2017 Apr;283(1):140-147. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016160950. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Purpose To determine whether there were gender differences in full professorship after accounting for factors known to influence academic advancement. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study, with waiver of informed consent. In this cross-sectional study, the authors used a comprehensive 2014 physician database (5089 academic radiologists, inclusive of all U.S. academic radiologists in 2014; 11.3% of all U.S. radiologists) containing information on physician age, years since residency, National Institutes of Health funding, scientific publications (first or last author and total), clinical trial investigation, and clinical volume measured according to 2013 Medicare reimbursement. Primary outcome of gender differences in full professorship was estimated by using a multilevel logistic regression model adjusting for these factors. Results Among 5089 academic radiologists, 3638 (71.5%) were men. The average age for male and female radiologists was 52 and 49 years, respectively. Overall, 239 women (16.5%) and 948 (26.1%) men were full professors (P < .001). Women had fewer total and first or last author publications than men (total, 12.2 vs 17.6; first or last, 6.8 vs 10.7; P < .001 for both comparisons). Women were less likely than men to have National Institutes of Health funding (2.0% vs 3.6%; P = .004) and generated less annual Medicare revenue ($63 346 vs $75 854; P = .001). After multivariate adjustment, rates of full professorship among female and male radiologists were not significantly different (absolute adjusted difference for female vs male radiologists, -1.5%; 95% confidence interval: -3.8%, 0.9%). Conclusion Among radiologists with U.S. medical school faculty appointments in 2014, men and women were similarly likely to be full professor after several factors known to influence promotion were taken into account. However, unadjusted differences in promotion and research productivity were present, which suggests that female radiologists may lack equal research opportunities. RSNA, 2016.
确定在考虑已知影响学术发展的因素后，正教授职位是否存在性别差异。
本 HIPAA 合规研究获得机构审查委员会批准，豁免了知情同意。在这项横断面研究中，作者使用了一个全面的 2014 年医师数据库（5089 名学术放射科医师，包括 2014 年所有美国学术放射科医师；占所有美国放射科医师的 11.3%），其中包含医师年龄、住院医师毕业后年限、美国国立卫生研究院资助、科学出版物（第一或最后作者和总数）、临床试验研究以及根据 2013 年医疗保险报销计算的临床量等信息。使用多水平逻辑回归模型调整这些因素后，估计了正教授职位性别差异的主要结果。
在 5089 名学术放射科医师中，3638 名（71.5%）为男性。男性和女性放射科医师的平均年龄分别为 52 岁和 49 岁。总体而言，239 名女性（16.5%）和 948 名男性（26.1%）为正教授（P<0.001）。女性的总出版物和第一或最后作者出版物数量均少于男性（总数，12.2 比 17.6；第一或最后作者，6.8 比 10.7；两者均 P<0.001）。女性获得美国国立卫生研究院资助的可能性低于男性（2.0%比 3.6%；P=0.004），每年医疗保险收入也较少（63346 美元比 75854 美元；P=0.001）。经过多变量调整后，女性和男性放射科医师获得正教授职位的比例没有显著差异（女性与男性放射科医师的绝对调整差异为-1.5%；95%置信区间：-3.8%，0.9%）。
在 2014 年有美国医学院教师职位的放射科医师中，考虑到已知影响晋升的几个因素后，男性和女性成为正教授的可能性相似。然而，晋升和研究生产力方面的未调整差异仍然存在，这表明女性放射科医师可能缺乏平等的研究机会。RSNA，2016 年。
