Guzmán-Guillén Remedios, Campos Alexandre, Machado Joana, Freitas Marisa, Azevedo Joana, Pinto Edgar, Almeida Agostinho, Cameán Ana M, Vasconcelos Vitor
Area of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Porto, 4050-123, Portugal.
Ecotoxicology. 2017 Jan;26(1):22-31. doi: 10.1007/s10646-016-1737-4. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Natural toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria, such as cylindrospermopsin, have been regarded as an emergent environmental threat. Despite the risks for food safety, the impact of these water contaminants in agriculture is not yet fully understood. Carrots (Daucus carota) are root vegetables, extensively consumed worldwide with great importance for human nourishment and economy. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the possible effects of using water contaminated with cyanotoxins on carrot cultivation. The aim of this work was to investigate cylindrospermopsin effects on D. carota grown in soil and irrigated for 30 days, with a Chrysosporum ovalisporum extract containing environmentally relevant concentrations of cylindrospermopsin (10 and 50 μg/L). The parameters evaluated were plant growth, photosynthetic capacity, and nutritional value (mineral content) in roots of carrots, as these are the edible parts of this plant crop. The results show that, exposure to cylindrospermopsin did not have a clear negative effect on growth or photosynthesis of D. carota, even leading to an increase of both parameters. However, alterations in mineral contents were detected after exposure to crude extracts of C. ovalisporum containing cylindrospermopsin. A general decline was observed for most minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo, and P), although an increase was shown in the case of K and Cu, pointing to a possible interference of the cyanobacterial extract in mineral uptake. This study is the first to evaluate the effects of C. ovalisporum extracts on a root vegetable, however, more research is necessary to understand the effects of this toxin in environmentally relevant scenarios.
淡水蓝藻产生的天然毒素，如柱孢藻毒素，已被视为一种新出现的环境威胁。尽管存在食品安全风险，但这些水污染物对农业的影响尚未完全了解。胡萝卜（胡萝卜属）是一种根茎类蔬菜，在全球广泛消费，对人类营养和经济具有重要意义。因此，评估使用受蓝藻毒素污染的水对胡萝卜种植可能产生的影响非常重要。这项工作的目的是研究柱孢藻毒素对在土壤中生长并灌溉30天的胡萝卜的影响，灌溉用水为含有环境相关浓度柱孢藻毒素（10和50μg/L）的卵形金孢霉提取物。评估的参数包括胡萝卜根的植物生长、光合能力和营养价值（矿物质含量），因为这些是这种农作物的可食用部分。结果表明，接触柱孢藻毒素对胡萝卜的生长或光合作用没有明显的负面影响，甚至导致这两个参数都有所增加。然而，在接触含有柱孢藻毒素的卵形金孢霉粗提物后，检测到矿物质含量发生了变化。大多数矿物质（钙、镁、钠、铁、锰、锌、钼和磷）普遍下降，不过钾和铜的含量有所增加，这表明蓝藻提取物可能对矿物质吸收有干扰。这项研究是首次评估卵形金孢霉提取物对根茎类蔬菜的影响，然而，需要更多的研究来了解这种毒素在环境相关场景中的影响。
