Henwood Wendy, Moewaka Barnes Helen, Brockbank Troy, Gregory Waikarere, Hooper Kaio, McCreanor Tim
Te Runanga o Te Rarawa, Kaitaia, New Zealand.
SHORE & Whariki Research Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Ecohealth. 2016 Dec;13(4):623-632. doi: 10.1007/s10393-016-1170-4. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori aspirations around land and water conflict with settler interests. As indigenous people, Māori struggle to enact agency over resources, despite Treaty (Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi is an 1840 agreement between Maori and the crown) settlement processes returning some lands. Returns are complex since changes wrought by dispossession may be extreme, requiring multiple stakeholder engagements. Tāngonge, a heavily modified wetland, in northern Aotearoa New Zealand has been the subject of iwi (tribe or tribes) claims since the 1890s. Reparation processes have returned significant areas surrounding Tāngonge to key iwi, Te Rarawa and Ngāi Takoto, who formed the Tāngonge Restoration Group to plan management and restoration. The vision of the iwi is to restore Tangonge as a wetland to rekindle usage by manawhenua (people with demonstrated authority and tribal links to the area in question) and local communities. However, perceived Māori privilege, distrust in Māori praxis and fear of alienation of stakeholders mean the situation presents challenges as well as opportunities. Understanding that various parties view knowledge in particular ways, the Restoration Group sought to juxtapose technical data and manawhenua knowledge about Tāngonge. Hydrology findings and local aspirations were aligned to produce ideas for actions that encompassed the broad concerns. This integration of knowledge provides strategic steps for working with administrative authorities who have historical and ongoing interests.
在新西兰的奥特亚罗瓦，毛利人对土地和水资源的诉求与定居者的利益相冲突。作为原住民，尽管《怀唐伊条约》（1840年毛利人与英国王室签订的协议）的解决进程使一些土地得以归还，但毛利人仍在争取对资源行使权力。由于剥夺土地所带来的变化可能极为严重，需要多个利益相关者参与，因此土地归还的过程很复杂。位于新西兰北部奥特亚罗瓦的汤贡格湿地，经过大幅改造，自19世纪90年代以来一直是部落（伊维）提出诉求的对象。赔偿进程已将汤贡格周边的大片区域归还给了主要部落蒂拉瓦和恩盖托科托，这两个部落成立了汤贡格恢复小组来规划管理和恢复工作。部落的愿景是将汤贡格恢复为湿地，以重新唤起当地原住民（对该地区拥有明确权威和部落联系的人）和当地社区的使用。然而，对毛利人特权的认知、对毛利实践的不信任以及对利益相关者疏离的担忧，意味着这种情况既带来了挑战，也带来了机遇。恢复小组意识到各方对知识有不同的看法，于是试图将关于汤贡格的技术数据与当地原住民的知识并列起来。水文研究结果与当地的诉求相契合，从而产生了涵盖广泛关切的行动想法。这种知识的整合为与有着历史和持续利益关系的行政当局合作提供了战略步骤。
