Tanaka Aiko, Nishimura Mie, Sato Yuji, Sato Hiroki, Nishihira Jun
Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido, Japan.
J Tradit Complement Med. 2015 Dec 29;6(4):424-430. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.11.004. eCollection 2016 Oct.
(Oyster mushroom, Tamogitake) has long been eaten as a functional food for enhancement of the immune system, but its effectiveness has not been well confirmed in humans. To this end, we set up a double-blind placebo-controlled human clinical trial to investigate the potential of Oyster mushrooms with respect to the up-regulation of the immune system. The subjects ingested Oyster mushroom extract for 8 weeks. We measured the serum cytokine levels involved in regulation of the immune system, including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We found that intake of Oyster mushroom extract elevated IFN-γ ( = 0.013) and IL-12, whereas serum levels of IL-10 and IL-13 and other cytokines were minimally changed. We also measured natural killer (NK) cell activity, the levels of which tended to increase, but not significantly. Taken together, these facts suggest that Oyster mushrooms have the potential to enhance the immune system, through Th1 phenotype potentiation as the macrophage-IL-12 - IFN-γ pathway. This results in activation of the cell-mediated immune system as exemplified by up-regulation of NK cell activity. Oyster mushroom extract may be beneficial for the prevention of various diseases, including infectious diseases and cancer, due to its stimulation of the immune system.
（平菇，姬菇）长期以来一直被作为增强免疫系统的功能性食品食用，但其功效在人体中尚未得到充分证实。为此，我们开展了一项双盲安慰剂对照人体临床试验，以研究平菇在上调免疫系统方面的潜力。受试者摄入平菇提取物8周。我们检测了参与免疫系统调节的血清细胞因子水平，包括干扰素（IFN）-γ、白细胞介素（IL）-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α。我们发现，摄入平菇提取物可提高IFN-γ（P = 0.013）和IL-12水平，而IL-10和IL-13以及其他细胞因子的血清水平变化极小。我们还检测了自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性，其水平有升高趋势，但不显著。综上所述，这些事实表明平菇具有通过巨噬细胞-IL-12 - IFN-γ途径增强Th1表型来增强免疫系统的潜力。这导致细胞介导的免疫系统被激活，如NK细胞活性上调所示。平菇提取物可能因其对免疫系统的刺激作用而有助于预防包括传染病和癌症在内的各种疾病。
