Vignon F, Cranz C, Robillart I, Montagnon M, Clavert A, Pinget M
Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie Expérimentale, Faculte de Médecine de Strasbourg.
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1989;18(4):459-62.
Sperm capacitation is accompanied by changes in the lipid composition of the sperm membrane. The purpose of this study is to compare the lipid composition of the semen with that of peritoneal fluid. These two media have opposite effects on sperm capacitation. Cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids were measured in seminal fluid (15 specimens) obtained by sperm centrifugation immediately after liquefaction and in the peritoneal fluid at ovulation (15 specimens) obtained through transvaginal puncture. The lipid composition of these two media is different from that of serum. Seminal fluid is characterized by a high level of phospholipids, 14.79 +/- 3.67 g/l as against 0.53 +/- 0.12 g/l in peritoneal fluid. The level of cholesterol is identical in the two media. The cholesterol/phospholipid ratio is therefore lower in seminal fluid than in peritoneal fluid (0.022/0.79). Lecithins are raised in peritoneal fluid as are sphingomyelins and the phosphatidylethanolamines, which are the most important phospholipids in seminal fluid. It therefore can be postulated that the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, which is low in seminal fluid, and its richness in sphingomyelin brings about stabilization of the membrane cover which corresponds to a decapacitated state, whereas the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, which is higher in peritoneal fluid, makes for greater fluidity, and this corresponds to the state of capacitation. These preliminary results obtained from human material do not in any way contradict those obtained from animal studies.
精子获能伴随着精子膜脂质成分的变化。本研究的目的是比较精液和腹腔液的脂质成分。这两种介质对精子获能有相反的作用。对液化后立即通过精子离心获得的精液（15个样本）和排卵时通过经阴道穿刺获得的腹腔液（15个样本）中的胆固醇、甘油三酯和磷脂进行了测量。这两种介质的脂质成分与血清不同。精液的特点是磷脂水平高，为14.79±3.67 g/l，而腹腔液中为0.53±0.12 g/l。两种介质中的胆固醇水平相同。因此，精液中的胆固醇/磷脂比值低于腹腔液（0.022/0.79）。腹腔液中的卵磷脂、鞘磷脂和磷脂酰乙醇胺升高，而磷脂酰乙醇胺是精液中最重要的磷脂。因此可以推测，精液中低胆固醇/磷脂比值及其鞘磷脂丰富导致膜覆盖物稳定，这对应于去能状态，而腹腔液中较高的胆固醇/磷脂比值导致更大的流动性，这对应于获能状态。从人体材料获得的这些初步结果与从动物研究获得的结果绝不矛盾。
