Geller Karly, Lippke Sonia, Nigg Claudio R
Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, 106 Phillips Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
Psychology, Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development (JCLL) and Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Focus Area Diversity, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
J Behav Med. 2017 Feb;40(1):194-202. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9809-8. Epub 2016 Oct 26.
Non-communicable diseases (i.e., chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes and obesity) result in 36 million deaths each year. Individuals' habitual participation in a single health-risk behaviors substantially contribute to morbidity and mortality (e.g., tobacco use, daily fast food intake, etc.); however, more concerning is the impact of typically co-occurring or clustering of multiple health-risk behaviors. This burden can be minimized through successful cessation of health-risk behaviors and adoption of healthy behaviors; namely healthy lifestyle adoption or multiple health behavior change (MHBC). MHBC is a developing field and future research recommendations are provided to advance MHBC research. A valid measure of MHBC (i.e., lifestyle) is warranted to provide the needed basis for MHBC investigations and evaluations. MHBC is thought to occur through shared co-variation of underlying motivating mechanisms, but how these relationships influence behavior remains unclear. A better understanding of the relationship between behaviors and the related motivating mechanisms (and potential cross-relationship of influences) is needed. Future research should also aim to improve lifestyles through understanding how to change multiple health behaviors. Finally, MHBC research should target the development of sustainable interventions which result in lasting effects (e.g., capacity, systems, policy and environmental changes), with dissemination considered during development. Focusing MHBC research in these areas will increase our understanding and maximize the impact on the health of populations.
非传染性疾病（即慢性疾病，包括心血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸道疾病、糖尿病和肥胖症）每年导致3600万人死亡。个人习惯性地参与单一健康风险行为会极大地导致发病和死亡（例如，吸烟、每日食用快餐等）；然而，更令人担忧的是多种健康风险行为通常同时出现或聚集在一起所产生的影响。通过成功戒除健康风险行为并采取健康行为，即采用健康的生活方式或改变多种健康行为（MHBC），可以将这种负担降至最低。MHBC是一个不断发展的领域，本文提供了未来的研究建议以推动MHBC研究。需要一种有效的MHBC（即生活方式）测量方法，为MHBC的调查和评估提供必要的基础。人们认为MHBC是通过潜在激励机制的共同变化而发生的，但这些关系如何影响行为仍不清楚。需要更好地理解行为与相关激励机制之间的关系（以及潜在的交叉影响关系）。未来的研究还应旨在通过了解如何改变多种健康行为来改善生活方式。最后，MHBC研究应致力于开发可持续的干预措施，以产生持久的效果（例如，能力、系统、政策和环境变化），并在开发过程中考虑传播问题。将MHBC研究聚焦于这些领域将增进我们的理解，并最大限度地提高对人群健康的影响。
