Gilliam Frank S
Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25705-2510, USA.
New Phytol. 2016 Dec;212(4):871-887. doi: 10.1111/nph.14255. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
871 I. 871 II. 874 III. 875 IV. 878 V. 882 884 References 884 SUMMARY: Humans have long utilized resources from all forest biomes, but the most indelible anthropogenic signature has been the expanse of human populations in temperate forests. The purpose of this review is to bring into focus the diverse forests of the temperate region of the biosphere, including those of hardwood, conifer and mixed dominance, with a particular emphasis on crucial challenges for the future of these forested areas. Implicit in the term 'temperate' is that the predominant climate of these forest regions has distinct cyclic, seasonal changes involving periods of growth and dormancy. The specific temporal patterns of seasonal change, however, display an impressive variability among temperate forest regions. In addition to the more apparent current anthropogenic disturbances of temperate forests, such as forest management and conversion to agriculture, human alteration of temperate forests is actually an ancient phenomenon, going as far back as 7000 yr before present (bp). As deep-seated as these past legacies are for temperate forests, all current and future perturbations, including timber harvesting, excess nitrogen deposition, altered species' phenologies, and increasing frequency of drought and fire, must be viewed through the lens of climate change.
871 一、871 二、874 三、875 四、878 五、882 884 参考文献 884 摘要：人类长期以来一直利用所有森林生物群落的资源，但最不可磨灭的人为印记是温带森林中人口的扩张。本综述的目的是聚焦生物圈温带地区的各种森林，包括阔叶林、针叶林和混合优势林，并特别强调这些林区未来面临的关键挑战。“温带”一词隐含的意思是，这些森林地区的主要气候具有明显的周期性季节变化，包括生长和休眠期。然而，季节性变化的具体时间模式在温带森林地区表现出惊人的变异性。除了当前对温带森林更明显的人为干扰，如森林管理和转为农业用途外，人类对温带森林的改变实际上是一个古老的现象，可以追溯到距今 7000 年前（bp）。尽管这些过去的遗留问题对温带森林影响深远，但所有当前和未来的干扰，包括木材采伐、过量氮沉降、物种物候变化以及干旱和火灾频率增加，都必须从气候变化的角度来审视。
