Marden Jeremiah N, McClure Emily A, Beka Lidia, Graf Joerg
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, USA.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Oct 13;7:1569. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01569. eCollection 2016.
Digestive-tract microbiota exert tremendous influence over host health. Host-symbiont model systems are studied to investigate how symbioses are initiated and maintained, as well as to identify host processes affected by resident microbiota. The medicinal leech, , is an excellent model to address such questions owing to a microbiome that is consistently dominated by two species, and , both of which are cultivable and have sequenced genomes. This review outlines current knowledge about the dynamics of the microbiome. We discuss in depth the factors required for colonization and proliferation in the leech crop and summarize the current understanding of interactions between and its annelid host. Lastly, we discuss leech usage in modern medicine and highlight how leech-therapy associated infections, often attributable to spp., are of growing clinical concern due in part to an increased prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant strains.
消化道微生物群对宿主健康有着巨大影响。人们研究宿主 - 共生体模型系统，以探究共生关系是如何启动和维持的，以及确定受常驻微生物群影响的宿主过程。药用水蛭是解决此类问题的绝佳模型，因为其微生物组一直由两种物种主导，即嗜水气单胞菌和温和气单胞菌，这两种细菌都可培养且已完成基因组测序。本综述概述了当前关于水蛭微生物组动态的知识。我们深入讨论了嗜水气单胞菌在水蛭嗉囊中定殖和增殖所需的因素，并总结了目前对嗜水气单胞菌与其环节动物宿主之间相互作用的理解。最后，我们讨论了水蛭在现代医学中的应用，并强调与水蛭疗法相关的感染（通常归因于气单胞菌属物种）如何因氟喹诺酮耐药菌株的患病率增加而日益引起临床关注。
