Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Jan 5;20(2):154-160. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw297.
Waterpipe smoking is addictive and harmful. The determinants of waterpipe smoking may differ from those of cigarette smoking; therefore, behavioral approaches to support quitting may also differ between these two tobacco products. While some evidence exists on effective behavioral change techniques (BCTs) to facilitate cigarette smoking cessation, there is little research on waterpipe smoking cessation.
Twenty-four experts were selected from the author lists of peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials on waterpipe smoking cessation. They were invited to two rounds of a consensus development exercise using modified Delphi technique. Experts ranked 55 BCTs categorized further into those that promote; "awareness of harms of waterpipe smoking and advantages of quitting" (14), "preparation and planning to quit" (29), and "relapse prevention and sustaining an ex-smoker identity" (12) on their potential effectiveness. Kendall's W statistics was used to assess agreement.
Fifteen experts responded in round 1 and 14 completed both rounds. A strong consensus was achieved for BCTs that help in "relapse prevention and sustaining ex-smoker identity" (w = 0.7; p < .001) and a moderate for those that promote "awareness of harms of waterpipe smoking and advantages of quitting" (w = 0.6; p < .001) and "preparation and planning to quit" (w = 0.6; p < .001). Providing information on the consequences of waterpipe smoking and its cessation, assessing readiness and ability to quit, and making people aware of the withdrawal symptoms, were the three highest-ranking BCTs.
Based on expert consensus, an inventory of BCTs ordered for their potential effectiveness can be useful for health professionals offering cessation support to waterpipe smokers.
Waterpipe smoking is addictive, harmful, and gaining global popularity, particularly among youth. An expert consensus on behavior change techniques, likely to be effective in supporting waterpipe smokers to quit, has practice and research implications. Smoking cessation advisors can use these techniques to counsel waterpipe smokers who wish to quit. Behavioral and public health scientists can also use these to develop and evaluate behavioral support interventions for this client group.
水烟吸烟具有成瘾性和危害性。水烟吸烟的决定因素可能与香烟吸烟不同；因此，支持戒烟的行为方法也可能在这两种烟草产品之间有所不同。虽然有一些关于有效的行为改变技术（BCT）来促进香烟戒烟的证据，但关于水烟戒烟的研究很少。
从水烟戒烟的同行评议随机对照试验的作者名单中选择了 24 名专家。他们被邀请参加两轮使用改良 Delphi 技术的共识发展活动。专家对 55 项 BCT 进行了排名，这些 BCT 进一步分为促进以下方面的 BCT：“水烟吸烟危害和戒烟益处的意识”（14 项）、“戒烟准备和计划”（29 项）和“防止复吸和维持戒烟者身份”（12 项），评估它们的潜在有效性。肯德尔 W 统计用于评估一致性。
在第一轮中，有 15 名专家做出了回应，14 名专家完成了两轮。在“防止复吸和维持戒烟者身份”方面达成了强烈共识（W = 0.7；p <.001），在促进“水烟吸烟危害和戒烟益处的意识”和“戒烟准备和计划”方面达成了中度共识（W = 0.6；p <.001）。提供有关水烟吸烟后果及其戒断的信息、评估戒烟的准备情况和能力，以及让人们了解戒断症状，是排名最高的三项 BCT。
根据专家共识，按潜在有效性对 BCT 进行排序的清单可用于为水烟吸烟者提供戒烟支持的卫生专业人员。
水烟吸烟具有成瘾性、危害性，并且在全球范围内越来越受欢迎，尤其是在年轻人中。关于可能有效支持水烟吸烟者戒烟的行为改变技术的专家共识具有实践和研究意义。戒烟顾问可以使用这些技术来为希望戒烟的水烟吸烟者提供咨询。行为和公共卫生科学家也可以使用这些技术来为这一客户群体开发和评估行为支持干预措施。
