Suryadevara Uma, Bruijnzeel Dawn M, Nuthi Meena, Jagnarine Darin A, Tandon Rajiv, Bruijnzeel Adriaan W
Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1149 Newell Dr. Gainesville, FL, United States.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(6):800-814. doi: 10.2174/1570159X14666161101095325.
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the world and there is growing concern about the mental health effects of cannabis use. These concerns are at least partly due to the strong increase in recreational and medical cannabis use and the rise in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels. Cannabis is widely used to self-medicate by older people and people with brain disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
This review provides an overview of the perceived benefits and adverse mental health effects of cannabis use in people with ALS, MS, AD, PD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
The reviewed studies indicate that cannabis use diminishes some symptoms associated with these disorders. Cannabis use decreases pain and spasticity in people with MS, decreases tremor, rigidity, and pain in people with PD, and improves the quality of life of ALS patients by improving appetite, and decreasing pain and spasticity. Cannabis use is more common among people with schizophrenia than healthy controls. Cannabis use is a risk factor for schizophrenia which increases positive symptoms in schizophrenia patients and diminishes negative symptoms. Cannabis use worsens bipolar disorder and there is no evidence that bipolar patients derive any benefit from cannabis. In late stage Alzheimer's patients, cannabis products may improve food intake, sleep quality, and diminish agitation.
Cannabis use diminishes some of the adverse effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, chronic cannabis use may lead to cognitive impairments and dependence.
大麻是世界上使用最广泛的非法药物，人们越来越关注使用大麻对心理健康的影响。这些担忧至少部分归因于娱乐性和医用大麻使用的强劲增长以及四氢大麻酚（THC）含量的上升。老年人以及患有诸如肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、多发性硬化症（MS）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症等脑部疾病的人广泛使用大麻进行自我治疗。
本综述概述了ALS、MS、AD、PD、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症患者使用大麻的感知益处和不良心理健康影响。
所综述的研究表明，使用大麻可减轻与这些疾病相关的一些症状。使用大麻可减轻MS患者的疼痛和痉挛，减轻PD患者的震颤、僵硬和疼痛，并通过改善食欲、减轻疼痛和痉挛来提高ALS患者的生活质量。精神分裂症患者中使用大麻的情况比健康对照者更为常见。使用大麻是精神分裂症的一个风险因素，会增加精神分裂症患者的阳性症状并减轻阴性症状。使用大麻会使双相情感障碍恶化，且没有证据表明双相情感障碍患者能从大麻中获得任何益处。在晚期阿尔茨海默病患者中，大麻产品可能会改善食物摄入、睡眠质量并减少躁动。
使用大麻可减轻一些神经和精神疾病的不良影响。然而，长期使用大麻可能会导致认知障碍和成瘾。
