对与年龄相关的认知变化的共同和独特影响。
Shared and unique influences on age-related cognitive change.
作者信息
Salthouse Timothy A
机构信息
University of Virginia.
出版信息
Neuropsychology. 2017 Jan;31(1):11-19. doi: 10.1037/neu0000330. Epub 2016 Nov 3.
OBJECTIVE
Decompose cognitive change into influences unique to particular cognitive domains, and influences shared across different cognitive domains.
METHOD
A total of 2,546 adults between 18 and 95 years of age performed a battery of 12 cognitive tests on 2 occasions separated by an average of 3 years. An estimate of general cognitive functioning based on the first principal factor was regressed from the observed cognitive scores to derive an estimate of specific influences on each measure, and this value was subtracted from the observed score to provide an estimate of general influences on the measure. Longitudinal change was assessed by the (T2 - T1) difference between scores on the 2 occasions.
RESULTS
Although increased age was associated with specific influences on speed in cross-sectional comparisons, and in memory change in longitudinal comparisons among older adults, most of the relations between age and cognitive functioning in both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were manifested as general influences shared with other cognitive measures.
CONCLUSIONS
Differences in cognitive functioning associated with aging are often attributed to domain-specific effects, but results from this and other recent studies suggest that large proportions of the age differences are associated with general influences shared across different types of cognitive measures. (PsycINFO Database Record
目的
将认知变化分解为特定认知领域特有的影响以及不同认知领域共有的影响。
方法
共有2546名年龄在18至95岁之间的成年人，分两次进行了一系列12项认知测试，两次测试间隔平均为3年。基于第一个主因子对总体认知功能的估计值从观察到的认知分数中进行回归分析，以得出对每项测量的特定影响的估计值，并从观察分数中减去该值，以提供对该测量的一般影响的估计值。纵向变化通过两次测试分数之间的（T2 - T1）差异来评估。
结果
虽然在横断面比较中年龄增长与对速度的特定影响有关，在老年人的纵向比较中与记忆变化有关，但在横断面和纵向比较中，年龄与认知功能之间的大多数关系都表现为与其他认知测量共有的一般影响。
结论
与衰老相关的认知功能差异通常归因于特定领域的影响，但本研究及其他近期研究的结果表明，很大一部分年龄差异与不同类型认知测量共有的一般影响有关。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
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