Aiken Abigail Ra, Wang Yu, Higgins Jenny, Trussell James
LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin.
Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin at Madison.
Contraception. 2017 Apr;95(4):419-423. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.008. Epub 2016 Nov 4.
To compare use of contraceptive methods at last heterosexual intercourse among 15-44year-old women and men at risk of unintended pregnancy in the United States.
We employed data from the National Survey of Family Growth 2006-2013. We considered women and men to be at risk of unintended pregnancy if they had intercourse in the last month, regardless of contraceptive use, and if they or their partner had the ability to get pregnant and was not trying to become pregnant. We categorized multiple method use according to the most effective method reported. To explore the contributions of age and relationship status to differences in reporting between women and men, we conducted sensitivity analyses, limiting age to 25-44years and union status to married and cohabiting.
Distributions of methods used at last intercourse differed for women and men. A positive difference reflects higher reporting among women, while a negative difference reflects higher reporting among men. Percentage-point differences were largest for reported use of no method (-7.6) and female sterilization (+7.4), each p<.001. These differences persisted even when the sample was restricted by age and relationship status.
Estimates of men's contraceptive use may be subject to underreporting of their partners' method use, particularly when their female partner is sterilized. Neither older age nor married and cohabiting relationship status accounted for the observed differences. Further research is needed to explore the factors underlying reporting differences between women and men with respect to female sterilization and use of no method. IMPLICATIONS (50): Characterizing the determinants of contraceptive use among men and the relationship of men's pregnancy intentions, feelings and desires to contraceptive use are important future research goals. To ensure valid results, researchers must be aware of the potential for underreporting of method use among men, particularly with respect to female sterilization.
比较美国15 - 44岁有意外怀孕风险的女性和男性在最近一次性交时避孕方法的使用情况。
我们使用了2006 - 2013年全国家庭成长调查的数据。如果女性和男性在过去一个月内有过性行为，无论是否使用避孕措施，且他们或其伴侣有怀孕能力且并非想要怀孕，我们将其视为有意外怀孕风险。我们根据报告的最有效方法对多种方法的使用进行分类。为了探究年龄和关系状态对男女报告差异的影响，我们进行了敏感性分析，将年龄限制在25 - 44岁，关系状态限制为已婚和同居。
男女在最近一次性交时使用的避孕方法分布不同。正差异反映女性报告率较高，负差异反映男性报告率较高。未采取任何避孕措施（-7.6）和女性绝育（+7.4）的报告率差异百分点最大，p值均小于0.001。即使样本按年龄和关系状态进行限制，这些差异仍然存在。
男性避孕措施使用的估计可能会受到其伴侣避孕方法使用报告不足的影响，特别是当女性伴侣进行绝育时。年龄较大以及已婚和同居关系状态均不能解释观察到的差异。需要进一步研究以探究男女在女性绝育和未采取任何避孕措施方面报告差异的潜在因素。启示（50）：确定男性避孕使用的决定因素以及男性怀孕意愿、感受和欲望与避孕使用之间的关系是未来重要的研究目标。为确保结果有效，研究人员必须意识到男性避孕方法使用报告不足的可能性，特别是在女性绝育方面。
