Pellegrini Barbara, Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre, Zoppirolli Chiara, Bortolan Lorenzo, Savoldelli Aldo, Minetti Alberto Enrico, Schena Federico
CeRiSM (Research Centre in Mountain Sport and Health), University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Gait Posture. 2017 Jan;51:234-238. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.10.010. Epub 2016 Nov 3.
The use of poles during Nordic Walking (NW) actively engages the upper body to propel the body forward during walking. Evidence suggests that NW leads to a longer stride and higher speed, and sometimes to increased ground reaction forces with respect to conventional walking (W). The aim of this study was to investigate if NW is associated with different changes in body centre of mass (COM) motion and limbs energy patterns, mechanical work and efficiency compared to W. Eight experienced Nordic Walkers performed 5-min W and NW trials on a treadmill at 4kmh. Steady state oxygen consumption and movements of body segments and poles were measured during each trial. We found greater fluctuation of kinetic (KE) and potential (PE) energy associated with COM displacement for NW compared to W. An earlier increase of KE for NW than for W, probably due to the propulsive action of poles, modified the synchronization between PE and KE oscillations so that a 10.9% higher pendular recovery between these energies was found in NW. The 10.2% higher total mechanical work found for NW was mainly due to the greater work required to move upper limbs and poles. NW was 20% less efficient and was metabolically more demanding than W, this difference could be ascribed to isometric contraction and low efficiency of upper musculature. Concluding, NW can be considered a highly dynamic gait, with distinctive mechanical features compared to conventional gait, due to pole propulsion and arm/pole swing.
越野行走（NW）时使用手杖能使上半身在行走过程中积极地推动身体前进。有证据表明，与传统行走（W）相比，越野行走会产生更长的步幅和更高的速度，有时还会增加地面反作用力。本研究的目的是调查与传统行走相比，越野行走是否与身体重心（COM）运动、肢体能量模式、机械功和效率的不同变化相关。八名经验丰富的越野行走者在跑步机上以4公里/小时的速度进行了5分钟的传统行走和越野行走试验。在每次试验过程中测量了稳态耗氧量以及身体各部位和手杖的运动情况。我们发现，与传统行走相比，越野行走中与重心位移相关的动能（KE）和势能（PE）的波动更大。越野行走中动能比传统行走中更早增加，这可能是由于手杖的推进作用，改变了势能和动能振荡之间的同步性，因此在越野行走中发现这两种能量之间的摆动恢复高出10.9%。越野行走中发现的总机械功高出10.2%，主要是由于移动上肢和手杖所需的功更大。越野行走的效率比传统行走低20%，并且在代谢方面要求更高，这种差异可能归因于等长收缩和上肢肌肉的低效率。总之，由于手杖的推进作用以及手臂/手杖的摆动，越野行走可被视为一种高度动态的步态，与传统步态相比具有独特的机械特征。
