Dormitzer P R, Ellison P T, Bode H H
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1989 Apr;78(4):527-31. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330780408.
The existence of endemic goiter, caused by iodine deficiency and the presence of a dietary goitrogen, has been noted in eastern Zaire by a number of authors (De Visscher et al.: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 21:175-188, 1961; Delange et al.: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 34:1059, 1972). In the Ituri Forest of Huate-Zaire, two distinct populations, the Efe (pygmy) and Lese (Bantu), live in association with each other and have similar diets. The goiter survey reported here documents differences in goiter prevalence and severity between the nomadic pygmy and village-living Bantu populations. While the Efe have an overall goiter prevalence of 9.4%, the Lese have a goiter prevalence of 42.9%. Furthermore, Efe women living in Lese villages and subsisting on a Lese diet have a prevalence of goiter similar to that of forest-living Efe women. Village-living individuals born of Efe mothers and Lese fathers have a prevalence of goiter greater than that of pure Efe but less than that of Lese. While our data cannot exclude dietary explanations for the difference in goiter prevalence between the Efe and Lese, they do support the hypothesis that the Efe possess an adaptation to an iodine-deficient environment that does not result in the development of goiters.
许多作者（德维舍尔等人：《临床内分泌与代谢杂志》21:175 - 188，1961年；德兰热等人：《临床内分泌与代谢杂志》34:1059，1972年）指出，扎伊尔东部存在由碘缺乏和膳食致甲状腺肿物质导致的地方性甲状腺肿。在扎伊尔东部的伊图里森林，两个不同的群体，埃菲人（俾格米人）和莱塞人（班图人），彼此相邻而居且饮食相似。此处报告的甲状腺肿调查记录了游牧的俾格米人和居住在村庄的班图人群体在甲状腺肿患病率和严重程度上的差异。埃菲人的总体甲状腺肿患病率为9.4%，而莱塞人的甲状腺肿患病率为42.9%。此外，生活在莱塞村庄且以莱塞人的饮食为生的埃菲妇女，其甲状腺肿患病率与生活在森林中的埃菲妇女相似。由埃菲母亲和莱塞父亲所生的居住在村庄的个体，其甲状腺肿患病率高于纯种埃菲人，但低于莱塞人。虽然我们的数据不能排除饮食因素对埃菲人和莱塞人甲状腺肿患病率差异的解释，但它们确实支持了这样一种假设，即埃菲人拥有一种适应碘缺乏环境的能力，这种能力不会导致甲状腺肿的发生。
