Same Saeideh, Aghanejad Ayuob, Akbari Nakhjavani Sattar, Barar Jaleh, Omidi Yadollah
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Bioimpacts. 2016;6(3):169-181. doi: 10.15171/bi.2016.23. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Growing advances in nanotechnology have facilitated the applications of newly emerged nanomaterials in the field of biomedical/pharmaceutical sciences. Following this trend, the multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) play a significant role in development of advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs) such as diapeutics/theranostics used for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Multifunctional radiolabeled NPs with capability of detecting, visualizing and destroying diseased cells with least side effects have been considered as an emerging filed in presentation of the best choice in solving the therapeutic problems. Functionalized magnetic and gold NPs (MNPs and GNPs, respectively) have produced the potential of nanoparticles as sensitive multifunctional probes for molecular imaging, photothermal therapy and drug delivery and targeting. In this study, we review the most recent works on the improvement of various techniques for development of radiolabeled magnetic and gold nanoprobes, and discuss the methods for targeted imaging and therapies. The receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to localized radiotherapy in disease sites. Application of advanced multimodal imaging methods and related modality imaging agents labeled with various radioisotopes (e.g., I, In, Cu, Ga, mTc) and MNPs/GNPs have significant effects on treatment and prognosis of cancer therapy. In addition, the surface modification with biocompatible polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) have resulted in development of stealth NPs that can evade the opsonization and immune clearance. These long-circulating agents can be decorated with homing agents as well as radioisotopes for targeted imaging and therapy purposes. The modified MNPs or GNPs have wide applications in concurrent diagnosis and therapy of various malignancies. Once armed with radioisotopes, these nanosystems (NSs) can be exploited for combined multimodality imaging with photothermal/photodynamic therapy while delivering the loaded drugs or genes to the targeted cells/tissues. These NSs will be a game changer in combating various cancers.
纳米技术的不断进步推动了新型纳米材料在生物医学/制药科学领域的应用。顺应这一趋势，多功能纳米颗粒（NPs）在先进药物递送系统（DDSs）的开发中发挥着重要作用，例如用于同时进行诊断和治疗的诊断/治疗系统。具有检测、可视化和破坏病变细胞且副作用最小能力的多功能放射性标记纳米颗粒，被视为解决治疗问题的最佳选择的新兴领域。功能化的磁性和金纳米颗粒（分别为MNPs和GNPs）展现出纳米颗粒作为分子成像、光热疗法和药物递送及靶向的灵敏多功能探针的潜力。在本研究中，我们回顾了有关改进放射性标记磁性和金纳米探针开发的各种技术的最新研究，并讨论了靶向成像和治疗的方法。受体特异性放射性药物已被开发用于疾病部位的局部放疗。先进的多模态成像方法以及用各种放射性同位素（如I、In、Cu、Ga、mTc）标记的相关模态成像剂和MNPs/GNPs的应用，对癌症治疗的治疗效果和预后具有显著影响。此外，用生物相容性聚合物如聚乙二醇（PEG）进行表面修饰，已导致隐身纳米颗粒的开发，其可逃避调理作用和免疫清除。这些长循环制剂可以用归巢剂以及放射性同位素进行修饰，用于靶向成像和治疗目的。修饰后的MNPs或GNPs在各种恶性肿瘤的同步诊断和治疗中具有广泛应用。一旦配备放射性同位素，这些纳米系统（NSs）可用于结合光热/光动力疗法的多模态成像，同时将负载的药物或基因递送至靶向细胞/组织。这些NSs将成为对抗各种癌症的关键因素。
