Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czechia.
Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czechia.
Chemosphere. 2017 Feb;168:457-466. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.032. Epub 2016 Nov 14.
To fulfill national and international fire safety standards, flame retardants (FRs) are being added to a wide range of consumer products and building materials consisting of flammable materials like plastic, wood and textiles. While the FR composition of some products and materials has been identified in recent years, the limited global coverage of the data and the large diversity in consumer products necessitates more information for an overall picture of the FR composition in common products/materials. To address this issue, 137 individual samples of various consumer products, building materials and wastes were collected. To identify and characterize potential sources of FRs in indoor environment, all samples were analyzed for content of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and novel flame retardants (NFRs). The most frequently detected were HBCDDs (85%), with the highest median concentration of ΣHBCDDs of 300 mg kg in polystyrenes. The highest median concentration of ΣPBDEs was found in recycled plastic materials, reaching 4 mg kg. The lowest concentrations were observed for NFRs, where the median of ΣNFRs reached 0.4 mg kg in the group of electrical & electronic equipment wastes. This suggests that for consumer products and building materials that are currently in-use, legacy compounds still contribute to the overall burden of FRs. Additionally, contrasting patterns of FR composition in recycled and virgin plastics, revealed using principle component analysis (PCA), suggest that legacy flame retardants are reentering the market through recycled products, perpetuating the potential for emissions to indoor environments and thus for human exposure.
为了满足国家和国际消防安全标准，阻燃剂 (FR) 被添加到各种消费品和建筑材料中，这些材料由塑料、木材和纺织品等易燃材料组成。虽然近年来已经确定了一些产品和材料的 FR 成分，但由于数据的全球覆盖范围有限，以及消费品的多样性，需要更多信息来全面了解常见产品/材料中的 FR 成分。为了解决这个问题，收集了 137 个各种消费品、建筑材料和废物的单独样本。为了确定和描述室内环境中 FR 的潜在来源，对所有样本进行了多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs)、六溴环十二烷 (HBCDDs) 和新型阻燃剂 (NFRs) 的含量分析。最常检测到的是 HBCDDs（85%），其中聚苯乙烯中ΣHBCDDs 的中位数浓度最高，为 300mg/kg。在回收塑料材料中发现了最高中位数浓度的ΣPBDEs，达到 4mg/kg。NFRs 的浓度最低，其中电子和电气设备废物组中ΣNFRs 的中位数达到 0.4mg/kg。这表明，对于目前正在使用的消费品和建筑材料，传统化合物仍然对 FR 的总体负担有贡献。此外，使用主成分分析 (PCA) 揭示的回收和原始塑料中 FR 成分的对比模式表明，传统阻燃剂通过回收产品重新进入市场，从而有可能向室内环境排放，并因此对人类造成暴露。
