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特邀综述:犊牛皱胃排空及其对胃肠道疾病的潜在影响。

Invited review: Abomasal emptying in calves and its potential influence on gastrointestinal disease.

作者信息

Burgstaller Johann, Wittek Thomas, Smith Geof W

机构信息

University Clinic for Ruminants, Veterinary University Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27607.

出版信息

J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jan;100(1):17-35. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-10949. Epub 2016 Nov 17.

Abstract

Creating the ideal nutrition program for calves is a demanding task that has undergone tremendous change in recent years. Products and technologies including novel milk replacers and automated calf feeding systems have been developed to facilitate the ability of dairy producers to feed for higher growth rates before weaning. The creation of new feeding programs and milk replacers has to be looked at carefully, not only from a nutrition point of view but also from the perspective of a potential effect on physiologic digestion and calf health. Abomasal emptying is a critical factor that may link nutrition and disease. The purpose of this article is to review both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are responsible for abomasal emptying. Predominant extrinsic factors controlling abomasal emptying include meal volume, energy density, and osmolality along with the content and source of protein. This article also reviews experimental methods used to measure abomasal emptying in the calf including those that would be appropriate for use under field conditions. Among these methods, the use of ultrasonography and different absorption tests (d-xylose, acetaminophen) as tools to measure abomasal emptying are discussed. The relationship between abomasal emptying and disease is explored, particularly as it relates to abomasal bloat. Abomasal bloat is a complex syndrome that seems to be increasing in frequency and whose etiology likely at least partially involves slowing of abomasal emptying. Suggestions for minimizing the effect of feeding programs on abomasal emptying are explored as well as needs for future research.

摘要

为犊牛制定理想的营养方案是一项艰巨的任务,近年来这一任务发生了巨大变化。包括新型代乳品和自动化犊牛饲喂系统在内的产品和技术已被开发出来,以帮助奶农在犊牛断奶前实现更高的生长速度。新的饲喂方案和代乳品的制定不仅要从营养角度仔细考量,还要考虑其对生理消化和犊牛健康可能产生的影响。皱胃排空是一个可能将营养与疾病联系起来的关键因素。本文旨在综述影响皱胃排空的内在和外在因素。控制皱胃排空的主要外在因素包括采食量、能量密度、渗透压以及蛋白质的含量和来源。本文还综述了用于测量犊牛皱胃排空的实验方法,包括适用于田间条件的方法。在这些方法中,讨论了使用超声检查和不同的吸收试验(d-木糖、对乙酰氨基酚)作为测量皱胃排空的工具。探讨了皱胃排空与疾病之间的关系,特别是与皱胃臌气的关系。皱胃臌气是一种复杂的综合征,其发病率似乎在上升,其病因可能至少部分涉及皱胃排空减慢。本文还探讨了将饲喂方案对皱胃排空的影响降至最低的建议以及未来研究的需求。

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