使用基于化学电阻的烷烃传感器区分肺癌患者与无肺癌受试者的呼出气体。
Using a chemiresistor-based alkane sensor to distinguish exhaled breaths of lung cancer patients from subjects with no lung cancer.
作者信息
Tan Jiunn-Liang, Yong Zheng-Xin, Liam Chong-Kin
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Methodist College Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
出版信息
J Thorac Dis. 2016 Oct;8(10):2772-2783. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.10.30.
BACKGROUND
Breath alkanes are reported to be able to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy people. A simple chemiresistor-based sensor was designed to respond to alkanes by a change in resistance measured by a digital multimeter connected to the sensor. In preclinical experiments, the sensor response was found to have a strong positive linear relationship with alkane compounds and not responsive to water. This study aimed to determine the ability of the alkane sensor to distinguish the exhaled breaths of lung cancer patients from that of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and control subjects without lung cancer.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 12 treatment-naive patients with lung cancer, 12 ex- or current smokers with COPD and 13 never-smokers without lung disease were asked to exhale through a drinking straw into a prototype breath-in apparatus made from an empty 125 mL Vitagen bottle with the chemiresistor sensor attached at its inside bottom to measure the sensor peak output (percentage change of baseline resistance measured before exhalation to peak resistance) and the time taken for the baseline resistance to reach peak resistance.
RESULTS
Analysis of multivariate variance and post-hoc Tukey test revealed that the peak output and the time to peak values for the lung cancer patients were statistically different from that for both the COPD patients and the controls without lung disease, Pillai's Trace =0.393, F=3.909, df = (4, 64), P=0.007. A 2.20% sensor peak output and a 90-s time to peak gave 83.3% sensitivity and 88% specificity in diagnosing lung cancer. Tobacco smoking did not affect the diagnostic accuracy of the sensor.
CONCLUSIONS
The alkane sensor could discriminate patients with lung cancer from COPD patients and people without lung disease. Its potential utility as a simple, cheap and non-invasive test for early lung cancer detection needs further studies.
背景
据报道，呼出气中的烷烃能够区分肺癌患者和健康人。设计了一种基于化学电阻器的简单传感器，通过连接到该传感器的数字万用表测量的电阻变化来响应烷烃。在临床前实验中，发现传感器响应与烷烃化合物具有很强的正线性关系，对水无响应。本研究旨在确定烷烃传感器区分肺癌患者呼出气体与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者及无肺癌对照受试者呼出气体的能力。
方法
在这项横断面研究中，12例未接受过治疗的肺癌患者、12例曾经吸烟或目前仍在吸烟的COPD患者以及13例无肺部疾病的从不吸烟者，被要求通过吸管向一个由125毫升空维它命瓶制成的原型呼吸装置中呼气，该装置内部底部附着有化学电阻器传感器，以测量传感器的峰值输出（呼气前测量的基线电阻至峰值电阻的百分比变化）以及基线电阻达到峰值电阻所需的时间。
结果
多变量方差分析和事后Tukey检验显示，肺癌患者的峰值输出和达到峰值的时间与COPD患者和无肺部疾病的对照组在统计学上存在差异，Pillai's Trace = 0.393，F = 3.909，自由度 = (4, 64)，P = 0.007。传感器峰值输出为2.20%且达到峰值的时间为90秒时，诊断肺癌的敏感性为83.3%，特异性为88%。吸烟不影响传感器的诊断准确性。
结论
烷烃传感器能够区分肺癌患者与COPD患者以及无肺部疾病的人群。其作为一种简单、廉价且非侵入性的早期肺癌检测测试的潜在效用需要进一步研究。
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