Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 22;11(11):469. doi: 10.3390/bios11110469.
(1) Background: An electronic nose applies a sensor array to detect volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath to diagnose diseases. The overall diagnostic accuracy remains unknown. The objective of this review was to provide an estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of sensor-based breath tests for the diagnosis of diseases. (2) Methods: We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies published between 1 January 2010 and 14 October 2021. The search was limited to human studies published in the English language. Clinical trials were not included in this review. (3) Results: Of the 2418 records identified, 44 publications were eligible, and 5728 patients were included in the final analyses. The pooled sensitivity was 90.0% (95% CI, 86.3-92.8%, I = 47.7%), the specificity was 88.4% (95% CI, 87.1-89.5%, I = 81.4%), and the pooled area under the curve was 0.93 (95% CI 0.91-0.95). (4) Conclusion: The findings of our review suggest that a standardized report of diagnostic accuracy and a report of the accuracy in a test set are needed. Sensor array systems of electronic noses have the potential for noninvasiveness at the point-of-care in hospitals. Nevertheless, the procedure for reporting the accuracy of a diagnostic test must be standardized.
(1) 背景：电子鼻应用传感器阵列来检测呼气中的挥发性生物标志物，以诊断疾病。整体诊断准确性尚不清楚。本综述的目的是提供基于传感器的呼吸测试在疾病诊断中的诊断准确性的估计。(2) 方法：我们在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中搜索了 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 10 月 14 日期间发表的研究。搜索仅限于以英语发表的人类研究。本综述未包括临床试验。(3) 结果：在 2418 条记录中，有 44 篇符合纳入标准，最终分析纳入了 5728 名患者。汇总敏感性为 90.0%（95%CI，86.3-92.8%，I = 47.7%），特异性为 88.4%（95%CI，87.1-89.5%，I = 81.4%），曲线下面积为 0.93（95%CI 0.91-0.95）。(4) 结论：我们的综述结果表明，需要标准化诊断准确性报告和测试集准确性报告。电子鼻的传感器阵列系统具有在医院现场进行非侵入性检测的潜力。然而，诊断测试准确性的报告程序必须标准化。
