Ménégaut Louise, Thomas Charles, Lagrost Laurent, Masson David
aUniversity Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR866 bINSERM, LNC UMR866 cFCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté dCHU Dijon, laboratoire de Biochimie, Dijon, France.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2017 Feb;28(1):19-26. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000370.
Recent studies have highlighted that macrophages dynamically and autonomously handle all the facets of fatty acid (FA) metabolism including FA oxidation and FA synthesis as well as the synthesis of monounsaturated FAs and long chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs.
Macrophage M2 polarization is associated with an increase of FA oxidation. However, whether increased FA oxidation simply correlates with or is required for M2 polarization needs to be further evaluated. Macrophage M1 polarization is associated with the activation of FA synthesis, which directly contributes to the inflammatory response and affects cholesterol homeostasis and neutral lipid accumulation. Finally, recent evidences suggest that macrophages are able to autonomously produce signaling monounsaturated FAs, such as palmitoleic acid (C16 : 1 n-7), and long chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. This pathway is regulated by liver X receptors and has significant consequences on inflammation and on the FA composition of atheroma plaques.
These studies shed new light on the tight relationship between FA metabolism, macrophage polarization, and M1/M2 macrophage functions. These processes may have major consequences for atherosclerosis pathogenesis as well as other metabolic disorders.
最近的研究强调，巨噬细胞能动态自主地处理脂肪酸（FA）代谢的各个方面，包括FA氧化、FA合成以及单不饱和脂肪酸、长链n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的合成。
巨噬细胞M2极化与FA氧化增加有关。然而，FA氧化增加是仅仅与M2极化相关还是M2极化所必需，仍需进一步评估。巨噬细胞M1极化与FA合成的激活有关，这直接促进炎症反应并影响胆固醇稳态和中性脂质积累。最后，最近的证据表明，巨噬细胞能够自主产生信号传导单不饱和脂肪酸，如棕榈油酸（C16 : 1 n-7），以及长链n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸，如花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。该途径受肝X受体调节，对炎症和动脉粥样硬化斑块的FA组成有重大影响。
这些研究揭示了FA代谢、巨噬细胞极化和M1/M2巨噬细胞功能之间的紧密关系。这些过程可能对动脉粥样硬化发病机制以及其他代谢紊乱产生重大影响。
