Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 22;6:37081. doi: 10.1038/srep37081.
Stress and emotion involve diverse developmental and individual differences. Partially attributed to the development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the amygdala, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the precise genetic and experiential contributions remain unknown. In previous work, childhood basal cortisol function predicted adolescent resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and psychopathology. To parse experience-driven (non-genetic) contributions, we investigated these relations with a monozygotic (MZ) twin design. Specifically, we examined whether intrapair differences in childhood afternoon cortisol levels predicted cotwin differences in adolescent brain function and coping. As expected, intrapair differences in childhood cortisol forecast amygdala-perigenual PFC rs-FC (R = 0.84, FWE-corrected p = 0.01), and amygdala recovery following unpleasant images (R = 0.40, FWE-corrected p < 0.05), such that the cotwin with higher childhood cortisol evinced relatively lower rs-FC and poorer amygdala recovery in adolescence. Cotwin differences in amygdala recovery also predicted coping styles. These data highlight experience-dependent change in childhood and adolescence.
压力和情绪涉及多种发育和个体差异。部分归因于前额叶皮层（PFC）、杏仁核和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的发育，其确切的遗传和经验贡献仍不清楚。在之前的工作中，儿童期基础皮质醇功能预测青少年静息态功能连接（rs-FC）和精神病理学。为了分析经验驱动（非遗传）的贡献，我们使用同卵双胞胎（MZ）设计研究了这些关系。具体来说，我们研究了儿童期下午皮质醇水平的个体内差异是否预测了青少年大脑功能和应对方式的同卵双胞胎差异。正如预期的那样，儿童期皮质醇的个体内差异预测了杏仁核-扣带回前 PFC 的 rs-FC（R=0.84，FWE 校正后 p=0.01），以及不愉快图像后杏仁核的恢复（R=0.40，FWE 校正后 p<0.05），即皮质醇水平较高的同卵双胞胎在青少年时期表现出相对较低的 rs-FC 和较差的杏仁核恢复。杏仁核恢复的同卵双胞胎差异也预测了应对方式。这些数据突出了儿童期和青春期的经验依赖性变化。
