French Simone A, Sherwood Nancy E, Mitchell Nathan R, Fan Yingling
University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2016 Nov 10;5:7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.003. eCollection 2017 Mar.
Parks are an important component of the neighborhood environment, and their presence is believed to support higher levels of physical activity among residents. The present study examined park use frequency among a sample of 534 low-income parents of preschool aged children. Associations with child and parent physical activity, neighborhood characteristics and physical characteristics of the block immediately surrounding the home were examined.
Data are from baseline measurements completed in 2012-2014 as part of larger study (NET-Works: Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthy Kids) targeting low-income preschool children and their parents ( = 534 parent-child dyads). Physical activity was measured in parent and child using accelerometry. Parents reported their frequency of use with their child of parks within a half kilometer from their residence. Block audits were performed by trained research staff to describe the quality and walkability of the streets around the home.
Bivariate associations between demographic variables, perceptions of the neighborhood environment, parent support for child physical activity, and physical activity were examined using regression or Chi square analysis.
Park use frequency was not significantly associated with child accelerometry light, moderate or vigorous physical activity. However, it was marginally significantly inversely associated with child accelerometry sedentary time ( < 0.06). Television viewing hours on weekend days (but not on weekdays) were significantly fewer among children in the high park use group compared with children who visited the park less frequently ( < 0.01). Park use frequency was significantly positively associated with parent accelerometry moderate physical activity ( < 0.004), and was significantly inversely associated with parent accelerometry sedentary time ( < 0.002). Frequent park use was significantly positively associated with parent report of the child frequency of being taken to a park or playground outside the home ( < 0.0001), past week visit to park and recreation center ( < 0.0001) and parent-reported supportive behaviors for child physical activity ( < 0.0001). Parents who reported having to cross busy streets to reach play areas reported less frequent park use ( < 0. 02). Walkable neighborhoods ( < 0.003) and more incivilities ( < 0.02) in the immediate block surrounding the home were significantly associated with more frequent park use.
Frequent park use with their preschool child may support higher levels of physical activity among low-income parents and reduce sedentary time for both child and parent.
公园是社区环境的重要组成部分，人们认为公园的存在有助于居民进行更多的体育活动。本研究调查了534名低收入学龄前儿童家长样本的公园使用频率。研究还探讨了公园使用频率与儿童和家长体育活动、社区特征以及家庭周边街区物理特征之间的关联。
数据来自2012 - 2014年完成的基线测量，该测量是一项针对低收入学龄前儿童及其家长（534对亲子）的大型研究（NET-Works：Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthy Kids）的一部分。使用加速度计测量家长和儿童的体育活动情况。家长报告他们与孩子使用距离住所半公里范围内公园的频率。由经过培训的研究人员进行街区审计，以描述家庭周边街道的质量和步行便利性。
使用回归分析或卡方分析检验人口统计学变量、对社区环境的认知、家长对儿童体育活动的支持以及体育活动之间的双变量关联。
公园使用频率与儿童加速度计测量的轻度、中度或剧烈体育活动无显著关联。然而，它与儿童加速度计测量的久坐时间呈微弱的负相关（P < 0.06）。与较少去公园的儿童相比，高公园使用组儿童在周末（而非工作日）的看电视时间显著更少（P < 0.01）。公园使用频率与家长加速度计测量的中度体育活动显著正相关（P < 0.004），与家长加速度计测量的久坐时间显著负相关（P < 0.002）。频繁使用公园与家长报告孩子被带到家外公园或游乐场的频率显著正相关（P < 0.0001），与过去一周去公园和娱乐中心的次数显著正相关（P < 0.0001），以及与家长报告的对儿童体育活动的支持行为显著正相关（P < 0.0001）。报告必须穿过繁忙街道才能到达游乐区的家长，其公园使用频率较低（P < 0.02）。家庭周边街区的可步行性（P < 0.003）和更多的不文明行为（P < 0.02）与更频繁的公园使用显著相关。
与学龄前儿童频繁使用公园可能有助于低收入家长增加体育活动水平，并减少儿童和家长的久坐时间。
