da Silva Adriana Cândida, de Sousa Tavares Marcelo, Penido Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães
Adriana Cândida da Silva, Post-graduation Program - Master in Health Sciences, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
World J Nephrol. 2016 Nov 6;5(6):507-516. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i6.507.
To investigate the prevalence of nutritional parameters of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney diseases in healthy preschool children.
This is an observational cross-sectional study with 60 healthy children, of both genders, aged two to six years old and 56 mothers, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Preschool children and their families with regular activities at public schools were invited to paticipate in the study. The following characteristics were assessed: Socio-demographic condictions, clinical health, anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle and data on food consumption. The 56 healthy children were divided into two groups, overweight (C1) and non-overweight (C2), as well as their mothers, respectively, in overweight (M1) and non-overweight (M2). Nutritional status was defined according to results obtained through the Anthro Software for nutritional analysis.
Thirty-five children were male, with mean age of 4.44 ± 1.0 years old. Eighty-nine percent of them were eutrophic, 86.7% were sedentary and they had five meals a day. Body mass index (BMI) for age and total cholesterol (TC) was higher on C1 ( = 0.0001) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was higher on C2. Mothers were 32.5 ± 7.1 years old, mostly married and employed. Eighty-six percent of them were sedentary and 62.5% were overweight with BMI = 26.38 ± 5.07 kg/m. Eighteen percent of the overweight mothers had isolated total hypercholesterolemia (TC levels elevated) and 12.5% had low HDL-c levels. The present study showed an association between overweight and obesity during the preschool years and the correspondent mothers' nutritional status of overweight and obesity (OR = 4.96; 95%CI: 0.558-44.17). There was a positive correlation between the food risk associated with CVD by children and mothers when their consumption was 4 times/wk ( = 0.049; = 0.516) or daily ( = 0.000008; = 0.892).
Analyzed children showed high rates of physical inactivity, high serum cholesterol levels and high consumption of food associated with risk for CVD and renal disease. Changes in habits should be encouraged early in kindergarten.
调查健康学龄前儿童心血管疾病（CVD）和肾脏疾病风险营养参数的患病率。
这是一项横断面观察性研究，研究对象为巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州贝洛奥里藏特市的60名2至6岁的健康儿童（男女均有）和56名母亲。邀请在公立学校有正常活动的学龄前儿童及其家庭参与研究。评估了以下特征：社会人口学状况、临床健康状况、人体测量学、生化指标、生活方式和食物消费数据。56名健康儿童及其母亲分别被分为超重组（C1）和非超重组（C2），超重母亲为（M1），非超重母亲为（M2）。根据通过Anthro营养分析软件获得的结果定义营养状况。
35名儿童为男性，平均年龄为4.44±1.0岁。其中89%营养良好，86.7%久坐不动，每天吃五餐。C1组的年龄别体重指数（BMI）和总胆固醇（TC）较高（P = .0001），C2组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）较高。母亲的年龄为32.5±7.1岁，大多已婚且有工作。其中86%久坐不动，62.5%超重，BMI为26.38±5.07kg/m²。18%的超重母亲患有单纯性高胆固醇血症（TC水平升高），12.5%的母亲HDL-c水平较低。本研究表明，学龄前儿童超重和肥胖与相应母亲的超重和肥胖营养状况之间存在关联（OR = 4.96；95%CI：0.558 - 44.17）。当儿童和母亲每周食用4次（P = .049；r = 0.516）或每天食用（P = .000008；r = 0.892）与CVD相关的食物时，两者之间存在正相关。
分析显示，所研究儿童身体活动不足、血清胆固醇水平高以及与CVD和肾脏疾病风险相关的食物消费量高。应在幼儿园早期就鼓励改变生活习惯。
