Kim Hansoo, Suh Dong-Woo, Kim Nack J
Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology (GIFT) and CAAM, POSTECH San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2013 Mar 12;14(1):014205. doi: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/1/014205. eCollection 2013 Feb.
Adding a large amount of light elements such as aluminum to steels is not a new concept recalling that several Fe-Al-Mn-C alloys were patented in 1950s for replacement of nickel or chromium in corrosion resistance steels. However, the so-called lightweight steels or low-density steels were revisited recently, which is driven by demands from the industry where steel has served as a major structural material. Strengthening without loss of ductility has been a triumph in steel research, but lowering the density of steel by mixing with light elements will be another prospect that may support the competitiveness against emerging alternatives such as magnesium alloys. In this paper, we review recent studies on lightweight steels, emphasizing the concept of alloy design for microstructures and mechanical properties. The influence of alloying elements on the phase constituents, mechanical properties and the change of density is critically reviewed. Deformation mechanisms of various lightweight steels are discussed as well. This paper provides a reason why the success of lightweight steels is strongly dependent on scientific achievements even though alloy development is closely related to industrial applications. Finally, we summarize some of the main directions for future investigations necessary for vitalizing this field of interest.
在钢中添加大量轻元素（如铝）并非新概念，要知道在20世纪50年代就有几种铁 - 铝 - 锰 - 碳合金获得专利，用于在耐腐蚀钢中替代镍或铬。然而，所谓的轻质钢或低密度钢最近又受到了关注，这是受钢铁作为主要结构材料的行业需求驱动。在不损失延展性的情况下实现强化一直是钢铁研究的一项成就，但通过与轻元素混合来降低钢的密度将是另一个前景，这可能有助于提升其相对于镁合金等新兴替代材料的竞争力。在本文中，我们回顾了轻质钢的近期研究，重点强调了针对微观结构和力学性能的合金设计概念。批判性地综述了合金元素对相组成、力学性能和密度变化的影响。还讨论了各种轻质钢的变形机制。本文阐述了尽管合金开发与工业应用密切相关，但轻质钢的成功为何强烈依赖科学成果。最后，我们总结了一些使该研究领域充满活力所需的未来研究主要方向。
