Eckstrand Kristen L, Ng Henry, Potter Jennifer
Psychiatry resident at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the founding chair of the Association of American Medical Colleges Advisory Committee on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Sex Development.
Associate professor of medicine and pediatrics and the assistant dean for admissions at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, where he is also clinical director of the PRIDE Clinic at MetroHealth Medical Center.
AMA J Ethics. 2016 Nov 1;18(11):1107-1118. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.11.pfor1-1611.
Although recent changes in health care delivery have improved routine and gender-affirming care for transgender people, common approaches to care are still often based on a binary (i.e., male/female) gender framework that can make patients with gender-nonconforming (GNC) identities and expressions feel marginalized. Binary representation perpetuates invisibility, discrimination, and victimization-and subsequent poorer health-among GNC patients. In response, clinicians and health care systems should extend their efforts to provide gender-affirming and responsible care to GNC people. This article reviews terminology related to gender, the limited research-and necessary directions for future research-on GNC communities, and provides strategies for health care professionals and systems to ensure provision of gender-affirming and responsible care to GNC patients.
尽管近期医疗服务的变化改善了对跨性别者的常规护理和性别肯定护理，但常见的护理方法往往仍基于二元（即男性/女性）性别框架，这可能会使具有性别不一致（GNC）身份和表达的患者感到被边缘化。二元表征使GNC患者中存在的隐形、歧视和受害情况持续存在，进而导致健康状况较差。作为回应，临床医生和医疗系统应加大努力，为GNC人群提供性别肯定且负责任的护理。本文回顾了与性别相关的术语、关于GNC群体的有限研究以及未来研究的必要方向，并为医疗专业人员和系统提供策略，以确保为GNC患者提供性别肯定且负责任的护理。
