Strasser Barbara, Geiger Daniela, Schauer Markus, Gostner Johanna M, Gatterer Hannes, Burtscher Martin, Fuchs Dietmar
Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Nutrients. 2016 Nov 23;8(11):752. doi: 10.3390/nu8110752.
Prolonged intense exercise has been associated with transient suppression of immune function and an increased risk of infections. In this context, the catabolism of amino acid tryptophan via kynurenine may play an important role. The present study examined the effect of a probiotic supplement on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and the metabolism of aromatic amino acids after exhaustive aerobic exercise in trained athletes during three months of winter training.
Thirty-three highly trained individuals were randomly assigned to probiotic (PRO, = 17) or placebo (PLA, = 16) groups using double blind procedures, receiving either 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU) of a multi-species probiotic ( W23, W51, W54, W22, W63, and W58) or placebo once per day for 12 weeks. The serum concentrations of tryptophan, phenylalanine and their primary catabolites kynurenine and tyrosine, as well as the concentration of the immune activation marker neopterin were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks, both at rest and immediately after exercise. Participants completed a daily diary to identify any infectious symptoms.
After 12 weeks of treatment, post-exercise tryptophan levels were lowered by 11% (a significant change) in the PLA group compared to the concentrations measured before the intervention ( = 0.02), but remained unchanged in the PRO group. The ratio of subjects taking the placebo who experienced one or more URTI symptoms was increased 2.2-fold compared to those on probiotics (PLA 0.79, PRO 0.35; = 0.02).
Data indicate reduced exercise-induced tryptophan degradation rates in the PRO group. Daily supplementation with probiotics limited exercise-induced drops in tryptophan levels and reduced the incidence of URTI, however, did not benefit athletic performance.
长时间剧烈运动与免疫功能的短暂抑制及感染风险增加有关。在此背景下，色氨酸通过犬尿氨酸的分解代谢可能起重要作用。本研究在三个月的冬季训练期间，考察了益生菌补充剂对训练有素的运动员进行力竭性有氧运动后上呼吸道感染（URTI）发生率及芳香族氨基酸代谢的影响。
33名训练有素的个体采用双盲程序随机分为益生菌组（PRO，n = 17）或安慰剂组（PLA，n = 16），每天接受1×10菌落形成单位（CFU）的多种益生菌（W23、W51、W54、W22、W63和W58）或安慰剂，持续12周。在基线以及12周后，于静息状态和运动后即刻测定血清色氨酸、苯丙氨酸及其主要分解代谢产物犬尿氨酸和酪氨酸的浓度，以及免疫激活标志物新蝶呤的浓度。参与者完成每日日记以确定任何感染症状。
治疗12周后，与干预前测得的浓度相比，PLA组运动后色氨酸水平降低了11%（显著变化，P = 0.02），而PRO组保持不变。与服用益生菌的受试者相比，服用安慰剂且出现一种或多种URTI症状的受试者比例增加了2.2倍（PLA 0.79，PRO 0.35；P = 0.02）。
数据表明PRO组运动诱导的色氨酸降解率降低。每日补充益生菌可限制运动诱导的色氨酸水平下降，并降低URTI的发生率，然而，对运动表现并无益处。
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