DNA中的氧化C5-甲基胞嘧啶碱基：5-羟甲基胞嘧啶；5-甲酰基胞嘧啶；以及5-羧基胞嘧啶。

Oxidized C5-methyl cytosine bases in DNA: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine; 5-formylcytosine; and 5-carboxycytosine.

作者信息

Klungland Arne, Robertson Adam B

机构信息

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1018 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway.

出版信息

Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Jun;107:62-68. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.038. Epub 2016 Nov 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.038

PMID:27890639

Abstract

Recent reports suggest that the Tet enzyme family catalytically oxidize 5-methylcytosine in mammalian cells. The oxidation of 5-methylcytosine can result in three chemically distinct species - 5-hydroxymethylcytsine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxycytosine. While the base excision repair machinery processes 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxycytosine rapidly, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is stable under physiological conditions. As a stable modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine has a broad range of functions, from stem cell pluriopotency to tumorigenesis. The subsequent oxidation products, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxycytosine, are suggested to be involved in an active DNA demethylation pathway. This review provides an overview of the biochemistry and biology of 5-methylcytosine oxidation products.

摘要

最近的报告表明，Tet酶家族可催化哺乳动物细胞中的5-甲基胞嘧啶氧化。5-甲基胞嘧啶的氧化可产生三种化学性质不同的产物——5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶。虽然碱基切除修复机制能快速处理5-甲酰基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶，但5-羟甲基胞嘧啶在生理条件下是稳定的。作为一种稳定的修饰，5-羟甲基胞嘧啶具有广泛的功能，从干细胞多能性到肿瘤发生。随后的氧化产物5-甲酰基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶被认为参与了一种活跃的DNA去甲基化途径。本综述概述了5-甲基胞嘧啶氧化产物的生物化学和生物学特性。