呼吸道的早期局部免疫防御
Early local immune defences in the respiratory tract.
作者信息
Iwasaki Akiko, Foxman Ellen F, Molony Ryan D
机构信息
Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Jan;17(1):7-20. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.117. Epub 2016 Nov 28.
Abstract
The respiratory immune response consists of multiple tiers of cellular responses that are engaged in a sequential manner in order to control infections. The stepwise engagement of effector functions with progressively increasing host fitness costs limits tissue damage. In addition, specific mechanisms are in place to promote disease tolerance in response to respiratory infections. Environmental factors, obesity and the ageing process can alter the efficiency and regulation of this tiered response, increasing pathology and mortality as a result. In this Review, we describe the cell types that coordinate pathogen clearance and tissue repair through the serial secretion of cytokines, and discuss how the environment and comorbidity influence this response.
摘要
呼吸道免疫反应由多层次的细胞反应组成，这些反应以顺序方式参与以控制感染。效应器功能的逐步参与伴随着宿主适应性成本的逐渐增加，从而限制了组织损伤。此外，还存在特定机制以促进对呼吸道感染的疾病耐受性。环境因素、肥胖和衰老过程会改变这种分层反应的效率和调节，从而增加病理变化和死亡率。在本综述中，我们描述了通过细胞因子的连续分泌来协调病原体清除和组织修复的细胞类型，并讨论了环境和合并症如何影响这种反应。
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