Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4010 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., Lawrence, KS 66045, United States.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2017 Aug;45:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Nov 26.
Membrane proteins are the gateway to the cell. These proteins are also a control center of the cell, as information from the outside is passed through membrane proteins as signals to the cellular machinery. The design of membrane proteins seeks to harness the power of these gateways and signal carriers. This review will focus on the design of the membrane proteins that are in the outer membrane, a membrane which only exists for gram negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Unlike other membrane proteins, outer membrane proteins are uniquely shaped as β-barrels. Herein, I describe most known examples of membrane β-barrel design to date, focusing particularly on categorizing designs as: Firstly, structural deconstruction; secondly, structural changes; thirdly, chemical function design; and finally, the creation of new folds.
膜蛋白是细胞的门户。这些蛋白质也是细胞的控制中心,因为来自外部的信息通过膜蛋白作为信号传递到细胞机制。膜蛋白的设计旨在利用这些门户和信号载体的功能。本文综述了仅存在于革兰氏阴性菌、线粒体和叶绿体中的外膜的膜蛋白的设计。与其他膜蛋白不同,外膜蛋白的形状独特,呈β桶状。在此,我描述了迄今为止大多数已知的膜β桶设计的例子,特别关注将设计分类为:首先,结构解构;其次,结构变化;第三,化学功能设计;最后,创造新的折叠。