Meyer B J, Rice G E
Exp Aging Res. 1981 Fall;7(3):253-68. doi: 10.1080/03610738108259809.
The effects of organizational variables in prose on recall are examined for college-educated adults in three age groups. If older adults suffer a deficit in organizational processes [3], this may be manifest in lower in lower quantities of prose recall, difficulty in identifying and following the text's structure and main ideas, and diminished "levels effects" (information high in the hierarchical text structure recalled better than information low). The study reported tests these implications using Meyer's [15] prose analysis system to identify text structure. No age differences were found in total recall and recall of main ideas. However, young adults exhibited the typical " levels effects," while middle and old adults did not. This difference was attributed to the effects of current schooling practices on the youngest group, rater than organizational or reading comprehension deficits in the aged.
研究考察了散文中的组织变量对三个年龄组受过大学教育的成年人回忆的影响。如果老年人在组织过程中存在缺陷[3]，这可能表现为散文回忆量较低、难以识别和理解文本结构及主要观点，以及“层次效应”减弱（层次文本结构中位置较高的信息比位置较低的信息回忆得更好）。该研究报告使用迈耶[15]的散文分析系统来识别文本结构，对这些影响进行了测试。在总回忆量和主要观点的回忆方面未发现年龄差异。然而，年轻人表现出典型的“层次效应”，而中年人和老年人则没有。这种差异归因于当前学校教育实践对最年轻群体的影响，而非老年人的组织或阅读理解缺陷。
