Schaumberg Mia A, Jenkins David G, Janse DE Jonge Xanne A K, Emmerton Lynne M, Skinner Tina L
1School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, AUSTRALIA; 2Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, AUSTRALIA; 3School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA; and 4School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Apr;49(4):717-727. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001171.
Oral contraceptive (OC) use reduces peak aerobic capacity (V˙O2peak); however, whether it also influences adaptations to training has yet to be determined. This study aimed to examine the influence of OC use on peak performance (peak power output [PPO]) and physiological adaptations (V˙O2peak and peak cardiac output [Q˙peak]) after sprint interval training (SIT) in recreationally active women.
Women taking an OC (n = 25) or experiencing natural regular menstrual cycles (MC; n = 16) completed an incremental exercise test to assess V˙O2peak, PPO, and Q˙peak before, immediately after, and 4 wk after 12 sessions of SIT. The SIT consisted ten 1-min efforts at 100% to 120% PPO in a 1:2 work-rest ratio.
Though V˙O2peak increased in both groups after SIT (both P < 0.001), the MC group showed greater improvement (OC, +8.5%; MC, +13.0%; P = 0.010). Similarly, Q˙peak increased in both groups, with greater improvement in the MC group (OC, +4.0%; MC, +16.1%; P = 0.013). PPO increased in both groups (OC, +13.1%; MC, +13.8%; NS). All parameters decreased 4 wk after SIT cessation, but remained elevated from pretraining levels; the OC group showed more sustained training effects in V˙O2peak (OC, -4.0%; MC, -7.7%; P = 0.010).
SIT improved peak exercise responses in recreationally active women. However, OC use dampened V˙O2peak and Q˙peak adaptation. A follow-up period indicated that OC users had spared V˙O2peak adaptations, suggesting that OC use may influence the time course of physiological training adaptations. Therefore, OC use should be verified, controlled for, and considered when interpreting physiological adaptations to exercise training in women.
口服避孕药（OC）的使用会降低最大有氧能力（V˙O2peak）；然而，其是否也会影响训练适应性尚待确定。本研究旨在探讨在休闲活动女性中，使用OC对短跑间歇训练（SIT）后峰值表现（峰值功率输出[PPO]）和生理适应性（V˙O2peak和峰值心输出量[Q˙peak]）的影响。
服用OC的女性（n = 25）或月经周期自然规律的女性（MC；n = 16）在进行12节SIT课程之前、之后立即以及之后4周完成递增运动测试，以评估V˙O2peak、PPO和Q˙peak。SIT包括以1:2的工作-休息比例进行十次1分钟的运动，强度为PPO的100%至120%。
尽管两组在SIT后V˙O2peak均增加（均P < 0.001），但MC组改善更大（OC组，+8.5%；MC组，+13.0%；P = 0.010）。同样，两组的Q˙peak均增加，MC组改善更大（OC组，+4.0%；MC组，+16.1%；P = 0.013）。两组的PPO均增加（OC组，+13.1%；MC组，+13.8%；无显著差异）。停止SIT 4周后所有参数均下降，但仍高于训练前水平；OC组在V˙O2peak方面显示出更持久的训练效果（OC组，-4.0%；MC组，-7.7%；P = 0.010）。
SIT改善了休闲活动女性的峰值运动反应。然而，使用OC会减弱V˙O2peak和Q˙peak的适应性。随访期表明OC使用者的V˙O2peak适应性得到保留，这表明使用OC可能会影响生理训练适应性的时间进程。因此，在解释女性运动训练的生理适应性时，应核实、控制并考虑OC的使用情况。
