Ryberg Carmen, Sunnegårdh Jan, Thorson Maria, Broberg Malin
Psychology Unit, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Queen Silvia's Childrens Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden.
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Queen Silvia's Childrens Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden.
Front Pediatr. 2016 Nov 17;4:113. doi: 10.3389/fped.2016.00113. eCollection 2016.
Studies suggest that children with congenital heart defects (CHD) are at risk for adverse intellectual functioning. However, factors related to lower intellectual functioning in this group are largely unknown. This study describes intellectual functioning in children with CHD in relation to severity of the heart defect, the child's age, and the socioeconomic status of the family (SES).
Two hundred twenty-eight children treated with surgery or by catheter technique were tested using the Wechsler intelligence scales to determine full scale IQ (FSIQ). FSIQ was then analyzed in relation to age (3-, 5-, 9-, and 15-year olds), severity of the diagnosis (mild, moderate, and severe), and SES (low, medium, and high). The median age was 70 months (5.8 years) with a range of 162 months [30 months (2.5 years) to 192 months (16.0 years)].
The total mean score on FSIQ was 100.8 (SD = 14.5). Children with severe CHD had significantly lower FSIQ than children with mild and moderate CHD, and 9- and 15-year olds had significantly lower FSIQ compared to the 3-year olds. Children from families with low SES had significantly lower FSIQ than children from medium SES and high SES families. No interaction between severity of diagnosis, age, and SES was found for FSIQ.
Eighty-three percent of the children with CHD performed at or above average with respect to FSIQ. SES and severity of diagnosis had significant main effects on FSIQ. These factors should be considered when planning interventions and follow-up programs for children with CHD.
研究表明，患有先天性心脏病（CHD）的儿童存在智力功能不良的风险。然而，该群体中与智力功能较低相关的因素在很大程度上尚不清楚。本研究描述了患有CHD的儿童的智力功能与心脏缺陷的严重程度、儿童年龄以及家庭社会经济地位（SES）之间的关系。
使用韦氏智力量表对228名接受手术或导管技术治疗的儿童进行测试，以确定全量表智商（FSIQ）。然后分析FSIQ与年龄（3岁、5岁、9岁和15岁）、诊断严重程度（轻度、中度和重度）以及SES（低、中、高）之间的关系。中位年龄为70个月（5.8岁），范围为162个月[30个月（2.5岁）至192个月（16.0岁）]。
FSIQ的总平均分是100.8（标准差=14.5）。患有严重CHD的儿童的FSIQ显著低于患有轻度和中度CHD的儿童，9岁和15岁儿童的FSIQ显著低于3岁儿童。来自低SES家庭的儿童的FSIQ显著低于来自中等SES和高SES家庭的儿童。未发现FSIQ在诊断严重程度、年龄和SES之间存在交互作用。
83%的患有CHD的儿童在FSIQ方面表现达到或高于平均水平。SES和诊断严重程度对FSIQ有显著的主效应。在为患有CHD的儿童制定干预措施和随访计划时应考虑这些因素。
