Niamir-Fuller M
Rev Sci Tech. 2016 Nov;35(2):371-387. doi: 10.20506/rst.35.2.2531.
An increase in both human population and economic growth has been accompanied by rising per capita demand for animal products. The livestock industry is under pressure to meet this demand, but its current patterns of production are not environmentally sustainable, causing negative health impacts on humans and raising welfare concerns for animals. With little regulation of the intensive livestock sector in most countries, animal products are available at cheaper prices on consumer markets, undercutting more sustainable production systems, such as those used by pastoralists and organic farmers. Other beneficial aspects of sustainable intensification and sustainable pastoralism should also be taken into account. However, it is unclear whether moving towards sustainable animal husbandry (both intensive and extensive) will meet the projected demand from nine billion people in 2030, unless attention is also paid to fairer and more responsible consumption. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to transform the livestock sector, using principles of sustainable consumption and production, environmental stewardship, inclusive prosperity, and healthy lifestyles. It also highlights several areas where additional research and modelling are required.
人口增长和经济发展的同时，人均对动物产品的需求也在上升。畜牧业面临着满足这一需求的压力，但其当前的生产模式在环境方面不可持续，对人类健康产生负面影响，并引发了对动物福利的担忧。在大多数国家，集约化畜牧业几乎没有受到监管，动物产品在消费市场上价格更低，削弱了更可持续的生产系统，如牧民和有机农民所采用的系统。可持续集约化和可持续游牧畜牧业的其他有益方面也应予以考虑。然而，除非也关注更公平和更负责任的消费，否则转向可持续畜牧业（包括集约化和粗放型）是否能满足2030年90亿人口的预计需求尚不清楚。本文提出了一个概念框架，利用可持续消费和生产、环境管理、包容性繁荣和健康生活方式的原则来改造畜牧业。它还强调了几个需要进一步研究和建模的领域。
