Wu Yan, Zhu Yongzhen, Guo Xiaolan, Wang Xiaoxu, Yuan Weitao, Ma Cuiliu, Chen Xiaoli, Xu Chao, Wang Kaiying
Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China.
Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Aug 12;13(16):2606. doi: 10.3390/ani13162606.
Amino acid balance is central to improving the efficiency of feed protein utilization and for reducing environmental pollution caused by intensive farming. In previous studies, supplementation with limiting amino acids has been shown to be an effective means of improving animal nutrient utilization and performance. In this experiment, the effects of methionine on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, antler nutrient composition, rumen fluid amino acid composition, fecal volatile fatty acids and intestinal bacteria in antler-growing sika deer were investigated by randomly adding different levels of methionine to the diets of three groups of four deer at 0 g/day (CON), 4 g/day (LMet) and 6 g/day (HMet). Methionine supplementation significantly increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the LMet group ( < 0.05). The crude protein and collagen protein of antlers were significantly higher in the LMet and HMet groups compared to the CON group and also significantly higher in the HMet group compared to the LMet group, while the calcium content of antlers was significantly lower in the HMet group ( < 0.05). Ruminal fluid free amino acid composition was altered in the three groups of sika deer, with significant changes in aspartic acid, citrulline, valine, cysteine, methionine, histidine and proline. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were highest in the rectal microflora. Unidentified bacterial abundance was significantly decreased in the HMet group compared to the CON group. Based on the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Adonis analysis, there was a significant difference in the composition of the intestinal flora between the CON and HMet groups ( < 0.05). At the genus level, compared with the CON group, the abundance of and in the LMet group increased significantly ( < 0.05), the abundance of in the HMet group decreased significantly ( < 0.05) and the abundance of , and increased significantly. Taken together, the results showed that methionine supplementation was beneficial in increasing the feed utilization efficiency and improving antler quality in sika deer, while affecting the composition of fecal bacteria.
氨基酸平衡对于提高饲料蛋白质利用效率以及减少集约化养殖造成的环境污染至关重要。在以往的研究中，补充限制性氨基酸已被证明是提高动物营养利用率和生产性能的有效手段。在本实验中，通过在三组每组四只梅花鹿的日粮中随机添加不同水平的蛋氨酸（0克/天（CON）、4克/天（LMet）和6克/天（HMet）），研究了蛋氨酸对梅花鹿鹿茸生长过程中营养物质表观消化率、鹿茸营养成分、瘤胃液氨基酸组成、粪便挥发性脂肪酸和肠道细菌的影响。补充蛋氨酸显著提高了LMet组有机物、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率（<0.05）。与CON组相比，LMet组和HMet组鹿茸的粗蛋白和胶原蛋白显著更高，且HMet组相较于LMet组也显著更高，而HMet组鹿茸的钙含量显著更低（<0.05）。三组梅花鹿的瘤胃液游离氨基酸组成发生了变化，天冬氨酸、瓜氨酸、缬氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸和脯氨酸有显著变化。在门水平上，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门在直肠微生物区系中占比最高。与CON组相比，HMet组未鉴定细菌的丰度显著降低。基于主坐标分析（PCoA）和Adonis分析结果，CON组和HMet组之间肠道菌群组成存在显著差异（<0.05）。在属水平上，与CON组相比，LMet组中 和 的丰度显著增加（<0.05），HMet组中 的丰度显著降低（<0.05），而 、 和 的丰度显著增加。综上所述，结果表明补充蛋氨酸有利于提高梅花鹿的饲料利用效率和改善鹿茸品质，同时影响粪便细菌的组成。
