Haulisah Nurul Asyiqin, Hassan Latiffah, Bejo Siti Khairani, Jajere Saleh Mohammed, Ahmad Nur Indah
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Apr 1;8:652351. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.652351. eCollection 2021.
Overuse of antimicrobials in livestock health and production beyond therapeutic needs has been highlighted in recent years as one of the major risk factors for the acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria in both humans and animals. While there is an abundance of reports on AMR in clinical isolates from humans, information regarding the patterns of resistance in clinical isolates from animals is scarce. Hence, a situational analysis of AMR based on clinical isolates from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory was performed to examine the extent and patterns of resistance demonstrated by isolates from diseased food animals. Between 2015 and 2017, 241 cases of diseased livestock were received. Clinical specimens from ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep), and non-ruminants (pigs and chicken) were received for culture and sensitivity testing. A total of 701 isolates were recovered from these specimens. From ruminants, ( = 77, 19.3%) predominated, followed by ( = 73, 18.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) revealed that resistance was highest for penicillin, streptomycin, and neomycin (77-93%). In addition, was highly resistant to neomycin, followed by streptomycin and ampicillin (68-82%). More than 67% of isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and only 2.6% were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Similarly, 65.6% of isolates were MDR and only 5.5% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. From non-ruminants, a total of 301 isolates were recovered. ( = 108, 35.9%) and spp. ( = 27, 9%) were the most frequent isolates obtained. For , the highest resistance was against amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and neomycin (95-100%). spp. had a high level of resistance to streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin (80-100%). The MDR levels of and spp. isolates from non-ruminants were 72.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Significantly higher resistance level were observed among isolates from non-ruminants compared to ruminants for tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
近年来，家畜健康和生产中超出治疗需求过度使用抗菌药物，已被视为加速人类和动物细菌耐药性（AMR）的主要风险因素之一。虽然有大量关于人类临床分离株中AMR的报告，但关于动物临床分离株耐药模式的信息却很少。因此，基于一家兽医诊断实验室的临床分离株进行了AMR的现状分析，以检查患病食用动物分离株的耐药程度和模式。2015年至2017年期间，共接收了241例患病家畜病例。接收了反刍动物（牛、山羊和绵羊）和非反刍动物（猪和鸡）的临床标本进行培养和药敏试验。从这些标本中总共分离出701株菌株。在反刍动物中，（=77，19.3%）占主导地位，其次是（=73，18.3%）。抗生素敏感性试验（AST）显示，对青霉素、链霉素和新霉素的耐药率最高（77-93%）。此外，对新霉素高度耐药，其次是链霉素和氨苄青霉素（68-82%）。超过67%的分离株具有多重耐药性（MDR），只有2.6%对所有测试抗生素敏感。同样，65.6%的分离株具有MDR，只有5.5%对所有测试抗生素敏感。在非反刍动物中，总共分离出301株菌株。（=108，35.9%）和 spp.（=27，9%）是最常见的分离株。对于，对阿莫西林、红霉素、四环素和新霉素的耐药率最高（95-100%）。 spp.对链霉素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑、四环素和庆大霉素具有高水平耐药性（80-100%）。非反刍动物分离株和 spp.的MDR水平分别为72.2%和74.1%。与反刍动物分离株相比，非反刍动物分离株对四环素、阿莫西林、恩诺沙星和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑的耐药水平显著更高。
