Israel D J, Heydon K M, Edlich R F, Pozos R S, Wittmers L E
Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota-Duluth, School of Medicine 55812.
J Burn Care Rehabil. 1989 Jul-Aug;10(4):336-45. doi: 10.1097/00004630-198907000-00009.
A bicycle ergometer modified for aquatic exercise was used to determine the effects of immersion on core temperature during submaximal exercise at different water temperatures. An exercise intensity (60% of maximal oxygen consumption) and duration (30 minutes) considered appropriate for cardiovascular conditioning were used. These data will be useful in cardiovascular and leg-strengthening hydrotherapy programs. Rectal temperature, skin temperature, and a rating of thermal comfort were studied in five normal men (14.8% +/- 5.6% fat) during headout immersion at water temperatures of 21.1 degrees, 25.3 degrees, and 29.4 degrees C and exercise in air of 21.1 degrees C. Subjects were immersed for 30 minutes during static and exercise (63% +/- 0.6% maximal oxygen consumption) conditions. Data were collected every 5 minutes and analyzed by repeated measured analysis of variance. At water temperatures, rectal temperature fell from control during static immersion (p less than or equal to 0.05) and was lower than control at the end of the 30-minute recovery period (p less than or equal to 0.05). During exercise there was no change in rectal temperature at water temperatures of 21.1 degrees and 25.3 degrees C; however, rectal temperature rose at water temperatures of 29.4 degrees (p less than or equal to 0.05) and air 21.1 degrees C (p less than or equal to 0.05). At the end of recovery rectal temperature was lower than control at water temperatures 21.1 degrees C (p less than or equal to 0.05) and greater than control at water temperatures 29.4 degrees C (p less than or equal to 0.05). There was no change from control in rectal temperatures at water temperatures 25.3 degrees C and air at 21.1 degrees C. These results indicate that immersion in 25.3 degrees and 21.1 degrees C water effectively attenuates the rise in rectal temperature during exercise at 63% of maximal oxygen consumption, whereas immersion in 29.4 degrees C water does not. In addition, both skin and rectal temperatures affect perception of thermal state but do not give the subjects an accurate estimation of thermal balance.
一种为水上运动改装的自行车测力计被用于确定在不同水温下进行次最大运动量运动时，浸入水中对核心温度的影响。采用了适合心血管调节的运动强度（最大耗氧量的60%）和持续时间（30分钟）。这些数据将对心血管和腿部强化水疗项目有用。在5名正常男性（体脂率14.8%±5.6%）中，研究了在水温21.1℃、25.3℃和29.4℃下头部露出水面浸入水中以及在21.1℃空气中运动时的直肠温度、皮肤温度和热舒适度评分。受试者在静态和运动（最大耗氧量的63%±0.6%）状态下浸入水中30分钟。每5分钟收集一次数据，并通过重复测量方差分析进行分析。在水温下，静态浸入时直肠温度较对照下降（p≤0.05），在30分钟恢复期结束时低于对照（p≤0.05）。在运动期间，水温为21.1℃和25.3℃时直肠温度无变化；然而，水温为29.4℃和空气温度为21.1℃时直肠温度上升（p≤0.05）。在恢复期结束时，水温21.1℃时直肠温度低于对照（p≤0.05），水温29.4℃时高于对照（p≤0.05）。水温25.3℃和空气温度21.1℃时直肠温度与对照无变化。这些结果表明，浸入25.3℃和21.1℃水中可有效减弱在最大耗氧量63%的运动过程中直肠温度的上升，而浸入29.4℃水中则不然。此外，皮肤温度和直肠温度均影响热状态感知，但不能让受试者准确估计热平衡。
