van Bakergem Margaret, Sommer Evan C, Heerman William J, Hipp James Aaron, Barkin Shari L
Center for Geospatial Analytics and Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
Prev Med. 2017 Feb;95 Suppl:S68-S74. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.001. Epub 2016 Dec 6.
Crime and safety are commonly cited barriers to physical activity (PA). We had three objectives, 1) describe the association between objective crime measures and perceptions of crime, 2) analyze the relationships between each type of crime and accelerometer-measured physical activity in caretakers and young children (ages 3-5years), and 3) explore for early gender differences in the relationship between crime and physical activity in young children. Data are from the cross-sectional baseline data of an ongoing randomized controlled trial in Nashville, Tennessee spanning September 2012 through May 2014. Data was analyzed from 480 Hispanic dyads (adult caretaker and 3-5year old child). Objective crime rate was assessed in ArcGIS and perception of crime was measured by caretaker agreement with the statement "The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks." The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured physical activity over seven consecutive days. Objective and perceived crime were significantly positively correlated. Caretaker vigorous PA was significantly related to perceptions of crime; however, its relationship to objective crime was not significant. Child PA was not significantly related to caretaker perceptions of crime. However, interactions suggested that the relationship between crime rate and PA was significantly more negative for girls than for boys. Objective and subjective measures of crime rate are expected to be important correlates of PA, but they appear to have complex relationships that are different for adults than they are for young children, as well as for young girls compared to boys, and research has produced conflicting findings.
犯罪和安全问题通常被认为是阻碍身体活动（PA）的因素。我们有三个目标：1）描述客观犯罪指标与犯罪认知之间的关联；2）分析各类犯罪与照顾者及幼儿（3至5岁）通过加速度计测量的身体活动之间的关系；3）探究幼儿犯罪与身体活动关系中的早期性别差异。数据来自田纳西州纳什维尔一项正在进行的随机对照试验的横断面基线数据，时间跨度为2012年9月至2014年5月。对480个西班牙裔二元组（成年照顾者和3至5岁儿童）的数据进行了分析。在ArcGIS中评估客观犯罪率，通过照顾者对“我所在社区的犯罪率使外出散步不安全”这一陈述的认同来测量犯罪认知。主要结果是连续七天通过加速度计测量的身体活动。客观犯罪率与犯罪认知显著正相关。照顾者的剧烈身体活动与犯罪认知显著相关；然而，其与客观犯罪的关系不显著。儿童的身体活动与照顾者的犯罪认知无显著关联。然而，交互作用表明，犯罪率与身体活动之间的关系对女孩的负面影响比对男孩显著更大。犯罪率的客观和主观测量指标预计是身体活动的重要相关因素，但它们之间的关系似乎很复杂，对成年人和幼儿不同，对年轻女孩和男孩也不同，而且研究结果相互矛盾。
