Rosenblatt A, Greenberg J, Solomon S, Pyszczynski T, Lyon D
University of Arizona.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Oct;57(4):681-90. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.4.681.
On the basis of terror management theory, it was hypothesized that when mortality is made salient, Ss would respond especially positively toward those who uphold cultural values and especially negatively toward those who violate cultural values. In Experiment 1, judges recommended especially harsh bonds for a prostitute when mortality was made salient. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with student Ss and demonstrated that it occurs only among Ss with relatively negative attitudes toward prostitution. Experiment 3 demonstrated that mortality salience also leads to larger reward recommendations for a hero who upheld cultural values. Experiments 4 and 5 showed that the mortality salience effect does not result from heightened self-awareness or physiological arousal. Experiment 6 replicated the punishment effect with a different mortality salience manipulation. Implications for the role of fear of death in social behavior are discussed.
基于恐惧管理理论，研究假设当死亡凸显时，被试会对维护文化价值观的人做出特别积极的反应，而对违反文化价值观的人做出特别消极的反应。在实验1中，当死亡凸显时，法官对一名妓女建议的保释金特别高。实验2用学生被试重复了这一发现，并表明这种情况只发生在对卖淫态度相对消极的被试中。实验3表明，死亡凸显也会导致对维护文化价值观的英雄给予更高的奖励建议。实验4和5表明，死亡凸显效应并非源于自我意识增强或生理唤醒。实验6用不同的死亡凸显操纵方式重复了惩罚效应。文中还讨论了对死亡恐惧在社会行为中的作用的启示。
