Kusuda K, Saku Y, Sadoshima S, Kozo I, Fujishima M
Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 1989 May;26(3):223-7.
Serum sodium and potassium concentrations were measured in 196 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 56 with cerebral hemorrhage. All patients were admitted within 7 days of onset and the data within 2 weeks of admission were recorded. The incidences of hypernatremia (serum Na greater than or equal to 149 mEq/l), hyponatremia (less than or equal to 134 mEq/l), hyperkalemia (serum K greater than or equal to 4.8 mEq/l) and hypokalemia (less than or equal to 3.2 mEq/l) were higher in patients with hemorrhage (18, 7, 13 and 14%, respectively) than infarction (4.5, 4.5, 11 and 6%, respectively). The incidences of hypernatremia and hyponatremia in infarction were higher in those who had cortical lesions than in those who had lesions in the basal ganglia or infratentorium. In cerebral hemorrhage, the incidence of hypernatremia was the highest in those with brain stem lesion. Hypernatremia was found in 27% of large sized hematoma, being significantly higher than that of those with medium (16%) or small (1%) hematoma. A similar tendency was also observed in hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. In elderly patients, electrolyte disturbances were more common than in young or middle-aged patients. Renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus were frequent complications in stroke patients with hypernatremia (42 and 32%, respectively), of which 57% died within one month of admission.
对196例急性脑梗死患者和56例脑出血患者测定了血清钠和钾浓度。所有患者均在发病7天内入院，并记录入院2周内的数据。脑出血患者高钠血症（血清钠大于或等于149 mEq/L）、低钠血症（小于或等于134 mEq/L）、高钾血症（血清钾大于或等于4.8 mEq/L）和低钾血症（小于或等于3.2 mEq/L）的发生率分别为18%、7%、13%和14%，高于脑梗死患者（分别为4.5%、4.5%、11%和6%）。脑梗死患者中，皮质病变者高钠血症和低钠血症的发生率高于基底节或幕下病变者。脑出血患者中，脑干病变者高钠血症的发生率最高。大血肿患者高钠血症发生率为27%，显著高于中血肿（16%）或小血肿（1%）患者。低钠血症和高钾血症也观察到类似趋势。老年患者电解质紊乱比年轻或中年患者更常见。肾功能不全和糖尿病是高钠血症中风患者的常见并发症（分别为42%和32%），其中57%在入院后1个月内死亡。
