Gogel W C, Sharkey T J
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.
Perception. 1989;18(3):303-20. doi: 10.1068/p180303.
Attention was measured by means of its effect upon induced motion. Perceived horizontal motion was induced in a vertically moving test spot by the physical horizontal motion of inducing objects. All stimuli were in a frontoparallel plane. The induced motion vectored with the physical motion to produce a clockwise or counterclockwise tilt in the apparent path of motion of the test spot. Either a single inducing object or two inducing objects moving in opposite directions were used. Twelve observers were instructed to attend to or to ignore the single inducing object while fixating the test object and, when the two opposing inducing objects were present, to attend to one inducing object while ignoring the other. Tracking of the test spot was visually monitored. The tilt of the path of apparent motion of the test spot was measured by tactile adjustment of a comparison rod. It was found that the measured tilt was substantially larger when the single inducing object was attended rather than ignored. For the two inducing objects, attending to one while ignoring the other clearly increased the effectiveness of the attended inducing object. The results are analyzed in terms of the distinction between voluntary and involuntary attention. The advantages of measuring attention by its effect on induced motion as compared with the use of a precueing procedure, and a hypothesis regarding the role of attention in modifying perceived spatial characteristics are discussed.
注意力是通过其对诱导运动的影响来衡量的。通过诱导物体的物理水平运动，在垂直移动的测试点上诱发了感知到的水平运动。所有刺激都在额状平行平面内。诱导运动与物理运动形成矢量，在测试点的明显运动路径中产生顺时针或逆时针倾斜。使用单个诱导物体或两个沿相反方向移动的诱导物体。12名观察者被指示在注视测试物体时关注或忽略单个诱导物体，当存在两个相反的诱导物体时，关注一个诱导物体而忽略另一个。通过视觉监测测试点的跟踪情况。通过对比较杆进行触觉调整来测量测试点明显运动路径的倾斜度。结果发现，当关注单个诱导物体而非忽略它时，测量到的倾斜度要大得多。对于两个诱导物体，关注一个而忽略另一个明显提高了被关注诱导物体的有效性。根据有意注意和无意注意之间的区别对结果进行了分析。讨论了通过其对诱导运动的影响来测量注意力与使用预提示程序相比的优势，以及关于注意力在改变感知空间特征中作用的假设。
