Sprafka J M, Burke G L, Folsom A R, Hahn L P
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
Prev Med. 1989 Jul;18(4):423-32. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(89)90002-9.
Two cross-sectional population-based surveys were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to describe cardiovascular risk factors in blacks and whites in the Twin Cities. A total of 1,254 blacks and 2,934 whites ages 35-74 years participated. The surveys consisted of a home interview followed by survey center visit during which nonfasting serum total cholesterol level was measured and medication use during the past year was reviewed. Age-adjusted mean values for serum total cholesterol were significantly higher among white than black participants for both men (207 vs 193 mg/dl, P less than 0.001) and women (206 vs 202 mg/dl, P less than 0.05). Blacks had significantly higher serum HDL cholesterol levels than whites (men, 49 vs 41 mg/dl, P less than 0.001; women, 56 vs 54 mg/dl, P less than 0.01). The age-adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (serum total cholesterol greater than or equal to 240 mg/dl on the day of survey and/or current use of cholesterol lowering medication) was significantly higher among white than black men (18.3% vs 12.2%, P less than 0.01). No significant race differences were noted for women (whites, 19.7% vs blacks, 16.6%). Among hypercholesterolemic men, 66% of whites current use of cholesterol lowering medication) was significantly higher among white than black men (18.3% vs 12.2%, P less than 0.01). No significant race differences were noted for women (whites, 19.7% vs blacks, 16.6%). Among hypercholesterolemic men, 66% of whites current use of cholesterol lowering medication) was significantly higher among white than black men (18.3% vs 12.2%, P less than 0.01). No significant race differences were noted for women (whites, 19.7% vs blacks, 16.6%). Among hypercholesterolemic men, 66% of whites and 80% of blacks were unaware of their condition; among women, 72% of whites and 79% of blacks were unaware. Among individuals told by a physician they had "high blood fats," 2.9% of whites and no blacks were using medication for elevated blood cholesterol levels, while 70% of whites and 63% of blacks reported being advised to follow a low-fat-low-cholesterol diet. These data emphasize the need for education programs for physicians and patients regarding detection and control of hypercholesterolemia.
1985年和1986年开展了两项基于人群的横断面调查，以描述双城地区黑人和白人的心血管危险因素。共有1254名35 - 74岁的黑人和2934名35 - 74岁的白人参与。调查包括一次家庭访谈，随后进行调查中心访问，期间测量非空腹血清总胆固醇水平，并回顾过去一年的用药情况。血清总胆固醇的年龄调整均值在白人男性（207 vs 193 mg/dl，P < 0.001）和白人女性（206 vs 202 mg/dl，P < 0.05）中均显著高于黑人参与者。黑人的血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著高于白人（男性，49 vs 41 mg/dl，P < 0.001；女性，56 vs 54 mg/dl，P < 0.01）。高胆固醇血症（调查当天血清总胆固醇大于或等于240 mg/dl和/或目前使用降胆固醇药物）的年龄调整患病率在白人男性中显著高于黑人男性（18.3% vs 12.2%，P < 0.01）。女性中未发现显著的种族差异（白人，19.7% vs 黑人，16.6%）。在高胆固醇血症男性中，66%的白人及80%的黑人未意识到自己的病情；在女性中，72%的白人及79%的黑人未意识到。在被医生告知患有“高血脂”的个体中，2.9%的白人正在使用药物治疗高胆固醇血症，而黑人无人使用，同时70%的白人及63%的黑人报告被建议遵循低脂低胆固醇饮食。这些数据强调了针对医生和患者开展关于高胆固醇血症检测和控制的教育项目的必要性。
