Demer J L, Volkow N D, Ulrich I, Krajewski K, Davis C M, Porter F I
Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1771.
Psychiatry Res. 1989 Aug;29(2):123-36. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90027-9.
Using electro-oculography, we quantitatively investigated eye movements in nine heavy cocaine abusers and three groups of controls. Plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major metabolite of brain norepinephrine, in cocaine abusers were reduced to an average of 53% of normal. Cocaine abusers had normal smooth pursuit, optokinetic nystagmus, vestibulo-ocular reflex, visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and caloric nystagmus. Data were suggestive of a significant reduction in the degree of immediate enhancement of visual-vestibulo-ocular reflex gain by magnified vision in the cocaine abusers. However, adaptive plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex was normal in the cocaine abusers. These results suggest that, despite animal data linking vestibulo-ocular reflex plasticity to central norepinephrine, this neurotransmitter may not be important to plasticity in human beings.
我们使用眼电图对9名重度可卡因滥用者和三组对照组的眼球运动进行了定量研究。可卡因滥用者体内大脑去甲肾上腺素的主要代谢产物3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇（MHPG）的血浆水平平均降至正常水平的53%。可卡因滥用者的平稳跟踪、视动性眼震、前庭眼反射、前庭眼反射的视觉抑制和冷热眼震均正常。数据表明，可卡因滥用者因放大视觉导致的视觉-前庭眼反射增益的即时增强程度显著降低。然而，可卡因滥用者前庭眼反射的适应性可塑性正常。这些结果表明，尽管有动物数据将前庭眼反射可塑性与中枢去甲肾上腺素联系起来，但这种神经递质可能对人类的可塑性并不重要。
