Neu Josef, Pammi Mohan
Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd # 2, Gainesville, FL 32610.
Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
Semin Perinatol. 2017 Feb;41(1):29-35. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.015. Epub 2016 Dec 13.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a disease most commonly seen in preterm infants, often presents without warning and is associated with very high mortality and morbidity. Progress in the prevention and treatment of NEC has been slow. In this article, we will discuss some of the reasons as to why this progress has been slow. We will describe some of the factors that appear to be highly associated and important components in the pathophysiology of NEC. We will discuss the intestinal microbial environment of the fetus as well as the preterm infant and how interaction of dysbiosis with an immature gastrointestinal tract combined with dietary factors play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC. Testable hypotheses are discussed as well as how these may lead to not only a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease but also the preventative strategies.
坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）是一种最常见于早产儿的疾病，通常毫无征兆地出现，且与极高的死亡率和发病率相关。NEC的预防和治疗进展缓慢。在本文中，我们将探讨进展缓慢的一些原因。我们将描述一些似乎与NEC病理生理学高度相关且为重要组成部分的因素。我们将讨论胎儿以及早产儿的肠道微生物环境，以及肠道菌群失调与未成熟胃肠道的相互作用如何与饮食因素共同在NEC的发病机制中发挥作用。还将讨论可检验的假设，以及这些假设如何不仅能更好地理解该疾病的病理生理学，还能带来预防策略。
