Riojas-Rodríguez Horacio, da Silva Agnes Soares, Texcalac-Sangrador José Luis, Moreno-Banda Grea Litai
Environmental Health Department, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico.
Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, Washington DC, United States of America.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2016 Sep;40(3):150-159.
To assess the status of the legal framework for air quality control in all countries of Latin America and Caribbean (LAC); to determine the current distribution of air monitoring stations and mean levels of air pollutants in all capital and large cities (more than 100 000 inhabitants); and to discuss the implications for climate change and public policymaking.
From January 2015-February 2016, searches were conducted of online databases for legislation, regulations, policies, and air pollution programs, as well as for the distribution of monitoring stations and the mean annual levels of air pollution in all LAC countries.
Only 117 cities distributed among 17 of 33 LAC countries had official information on ground level air pollutants, covering approximately 146 million inhabitants. The annual mean of inhalable particles concentration in most of the cities were over the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines; notably, only Bolivia, Peru, and Guatemala have actually adopted the guidelines. Most of the cities did not have information on particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less, and only a few measured black carbon.
The air quality regulatory framework should be updated to reflect current knowledge on health effects. Monitoring and control of ground level pollutants should be extended and strengthened to increase awareness and protect public health. Using the co-benefits of air pollution control for health and climate as a framework for policy and decision-making in LAC is recommended.
评估拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC）所有国家空气质量控制的法律框架状况；确定所有首都及大城市（人口超过10万）空气监测站的当前分布情况以及空气污染物的平均水平；并讨论其对气候变化和公共政策制定的影响。
2015年1月至2016年2月，对在线数据库进行检索，以获取立法、法规、政策和空气污染项目，以及LAC所有国家监测站的分布情况和空气污染年平均水平。
在LAC 33个国家中的17个国家的117个城市有地面空气污染物的官方信息，覆盖约1.46亿居民。大多数城市的可吸入颗粒物浓度年均值超过世界卫生组织空气质量指南；值得注意的是，只有玻利维亚、秘鲁和危地马拉实际采用了该指南。大多数城市没有关于2.5微米及以下颗粒物的信息，只有少数城市测量了黑碳。
空气质量监管框架应更新以反映当前对健康影响的认识。应扩大和加强对地面污染物的监测与控制力度，以提高认识并保护公众健康。建议将空气污染控制对健康和气候的协同效益作为LAC政策和决策的框架。
