Meier Ellen, Miller Mary Beth, Lombardi Nate, Leffingwell Thad
University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
Addict Behav. 2017 Apr;67:44-48. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.11.025. Epub 2016 Dec 2.
Completion of alcohol assessments influences treatment outcomes, yet little is known about the aspects of assessment that may contribute to this response. The present study is a randomized controlled trial examining how the themes of alcohol assessments (e.g., assessment of alcohol-related consequences as opposed to drinking patterns) may affect drinking behaviors.
Undergraduate students (N=290, M=19.97, SD=1.81, 61.7% female), reporting at least one binge drinking episode during the past month, completed one of five baseline assessment batteries that varied thematically: (a) Control (e.g., minimal drinking quantity and frequency questions), (b) Consequences (e.g., College Alcohol Problems Scale; CAPS-r), (c) Norms (e.g., Drinking Norms Rating Form), (d) Diagnostic (e.g., Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and (e) Combined (all themes). Participants completed a one-month follow-up of drinking quantity/frequency and the CAPS-r.
All groups decreased their self-reported peak drinks consumed (p<0.001, η=0.05) and past month frequency of drinking (p=0.002, η=0.03; except for the consequences group) from baseline to follow-up. There were no between-group differences. No changes emerged in drinks per week (p=0.09, η=0.01) or alcohol-related consequences (p=0.06, η=0.03) from baseline to follow-up.
Minimal assessment of drinking quantity and frequency may result in assessment reactivity. Reductions in markers of risky drinking behaviors did not differ as a function of the type of assessments completed (e.g., Consequences vs Diagnostic). Continued research is needed to determine what other important variables (e.g., treatment seeking) may affect assessment reactivity.
酒精评估的完成会影响治疗结果，但对于可能促成这种反应的评估方面却知之甚少。本研究是一项随机对照试验，旨在探讨酒精评估的主题（例如，评估与酒精相关的后果而非饮酒模式）如何影响饮酒行为。
在过去一个月内报告至少有一次暴饮事件的本科生（N = 290，M = 19.97，SD = 1.81，61.7%为女性）完成了五个主题各异的基线评估量表之一：（a）控制组（例如，关于饮酒量和频率的基本问题），（b）后果组（例如，大学生酒精问题量表；CAPS-r），（c）规范组（例如，饮酒规范评分表），（d）诊断组（例如，酒精使用障碍识别测试），以及（e）综合组（所有主题）。参与者完成了对饮酒量/频率和CAPS-r的为期一个月的随访。
从基线到随访，所有组自我报告的最高饮酒量（p < 0.001，η = 0.05）和过去一个月的饮酒频率（p = 0.002，η = 0.03；后果组除外）均有所下降。组间无差异。从基线到随访，每周饮酒量（p = 0.09，η = 0.01）或与酒精相关的后果（p = 0.06，η = 0.03）均无变化。
对饮酒量和频率进行最少的评估可能会导致评估反应性。危险饮酒行为指标的降低并未因完成的评估类型（例如，后果组与诊断组）而有所不同。需要继续开展研究以确定其他哪些重要变量（例如，寻求治疗）可能会影响评估反应性。
