Heublein C, Dohme-Meier F, Südekum K-H, Bruckmaier R M, Thanner S, Schori F
1Agroscope,Institute for Livestock Sciences (ILS),Tioleyre 4,1725 Posieux,Switzerland.
2Institute of Animal Science,University of Bonn,Endenicher Allee 15,53115 Bonn,Germany.
Animal. 2017 Jul;11(7):1163-1173. doi: 10.1017/S1751731116002639. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
As ruminants are able to digest fibre efficiently and assuming that competition for feed v. food use would intensify in the future, cereals and other field crops should primarily be destined to cover the dietary needs of humans and monogastric animals such as poultry and pigs. Farming systems with a reduced or absent concentrate supplementation, as postulated by organic agriculture associations, require adapted dairy cows. The aim of this experiment was to examine the impact of concentrate supplementation on milk production, grazing and rumination behaviour, feed intake, physical activity and blood traits with two Holstein-Friesian cow strains and to conclude the consequences for sustainable and organic farming. The experiment was a cross-over study and took place on an organic farm in Switzerland. In all, 12 Swiss Holstein-Friesian (HCH) cows and 12 New Zealand Holstein-Friesian (HNZ) cows, which were paired according to lactation number, days in milk and age for primiparous cows, were used. All cows grazed full time and were supplemented either with 6 kg/day of a commercial, organic cereal-grain mix or received no supplement. After an adaptation period of 21 days, a measurement period of 7 days followed, where milk yield and composition, pasture dry matter intake estimated with the n-alkane double-indicator technique, physical activity based on pedometer measurements, grazing behaviour recorded by automatic jaw movement recorder and blood samples were investigated. Non-supplemented cows had a lower milk yield and supplemented HCH cows produced more milk than supplemented HNZ cows. Grazing time and physical activity were greater for non-supplemented cows. Supplementation had no effect on rumination behaviour, but HNZ cows spent longer ruminating compared with HCH cows. Pasture dry matter intake decreased with the concentrate supplementation. Results of blood analysis did not indicate a strong negative energy balance for either non-supplemented or supplemented cows. Minor differences between cow strains in this short-term study indicated that both cow strains are equally suited for an organic pasture-based production system with no concentrate supplementation. Many factors such as milk yield potential, animal welfare and health, efficiency, grazing behaviour and social aspects influence the decision to supplement grazing dairy cows with concentrates.
由于反刍动物能够高效消化纤维，并且假设未来饲料与粮食用途之间的竞争会加剧，谷物和其他大田作物应主要用于满足人类以及家禽和猪等单胃动物的饮食需求。正如有机农业协会所设想的那样，减少或不补充精饲料的养殖系统需要适应性强的奶牛。本实验的目的是研究补充精饲料对两种荷斯坦 - 弗里生奶牛品种的产奶量、放牧和反刍行为、采食量、身体活动及血液特征的影响，并得出对可持续和有机养殖的影响。该实验是一项交叉研究，在瑞士的一个有机农场进行。总共使用了12头瑞士荷斯坦 - 弗里生（HCH）奶牛和12头新西兰荷斯坦 - 弗里生（HNZ）奶牛，初产奶牛根据胎次、泌乳天数和年龄进行配对。所有奶牛全天放牧，要么每天补充6千克商业有机谷物混合饲料，要么不补充。经过21天的适应期后，接下来是7天的测量期，在此期间对产奶量和成分、用正构烷双指示剂技术估算的牧场干物质采食量、基于计步器测量的身体活动、通过自动颌动记录仪记录的放牧行为以及采集血样进行研究。未补充精饲料的奶牛产奶量较低，补充精饲料的HCH奶牛比补充精饲料的HNZ奶牛产奶更多。未补充精饲料的奶牛放牧时间和身体活动更多。补充精饲料对反刍行为没有影响，但与HCH奶牛相比，HNZ奶牛反刍时间更长。补充精饲料后牧场干物质采食量下降。血液分析结果表明，未补充和补充精饲料的奶牛均未出现严重的负能量平衡。在这项短期研究中，奶牛品种之间的细微差异表明，两种奶牛品种同样适合不补充精饲料的有机牧场养殖系统。许多因素，如产奶潜力、动物福利与健康、效率、放牧行为和社会因素等，都会影响是否给放牧奶牛补充精饲料的决策。
