Gómez-Restrepo Carlos, Aulí Javier, Tamayo Martínez Nathalie, Gil Fabián, Garzón Daniel, Casas Germán
Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2016 Dec;45 Suppl 1:39-49. doi: 10.1016/j.rcp.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Aug 21.
The 2015 National Mental Health Survey aimed to expand our knowledge about the real mental state of children in Colombia, taking into account the fact that most mental disorders in adults begin during childhood or adolescence. It is essential to have an improved knowledge of the magnitude of this issue and to design timely interventions that reduce long term complications.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the disorders in the last 12 months and 30 days according to the DSM-IV, as well as to collect data about social and demographic variables.
The structured Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-P), which provides DSM-IV diagnoses, was applied to carers of non-institutionalised children between 7 and 11 years old. The disorders evaluated included: major depressive disorder, dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in its three kinds (mixed, inattentive, and hyperactive), oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. The instrumentation was computer-assisted.
Prevalences of the disorders are present both in the last 30 days and in the last 12 months. In general, there is a prevalence of any of the disorders of 3% (95% CI, 2.2-4.0) in the last 30 days, and 4.7% (95% CI, 3.6-6.2) in the last 12 months. When evaluated individually, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most frequent disorder, with a prevalence of 2.3% and 3.0% in the last 30 days and the last 12 months, respectively. In addition, the disorders that are known to frequently begin during childhood are the most common disorders in the age group studied, with a prevalence of 2.5% in the last 30 days and 3.2% in the last year.
The 2015 National Mental Health Survey provides precise information about the real mental situation in children between the ages of 7 and 11 years in Colombia, compared with past epidemiological studies in the country, which were restricted to specific populations. By improving the reliability on knowledge about mental disorders in children, it will be possible to design more appropriate and precise strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
2015年全国心理健康调查旨在扩大我们对哥伦比亚儿童真实心理状况的了解，鉴于大多数成人精神障碍始于童年或青少年时期。深入了解这一问题的严重程度并设计及时的干预措施以减少长期并发症至关重要。
本研究的目的是根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）确定过去12个月和30天内这些障碍的患病率，并收集有关社会和人口统计学变量的数据。
将提供DSM-IV诊断的结构化儿童诊断访谈量表（DISC-P）应用于7至11岁非机构化儿童的照料者。评估的障碍包括：重度抑郁症、心境恶劣障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍、分离焦虑障碍、三种类型的注意力缺陷多动障碍（混合型、注意力不集中型和多动型）、对立违抗障碍和品行障碍。采用计算机辅助工具。
这些障碍在过去30天和过去12个月中均有出现。总体而言，过去30天内任何一种障碍的患病率为3%（95%置信区间，2.2 - 4.0），过去12个月为4.7%（95%置信区间，3.6 - 6.2）。单独评估时，注意力缺陷多动障碍是最常见的障碍，在过去30天和过去12个月中的患病率分别为2.3%和3.0%。此外，已知常在童年期开始的障碍是所研究年龄组中最常见的障碍，过去30天内患病率为2.5%，过去一年为3.2%。
与该国过去仅限于特定人群的流行病学研究相比，2015年全国心理健康调查提供了有关哥伦比亚7至11岁儿童真实心理状况的精确信息。通过提高对儿童精神障碍知识的可靠性，将有可能设计出更合适、更精确的预防、诊断和治疗策略。
